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• Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.

No marco analítico que concebe a política externa brasileira (PEB) como política pública e, portanto, submetida a controles democráticos, e com base nos recentes estudos que evidenciam a pluralidade de atores e agendas e a complexificação do processo decisório em política externa, busca-se aqui analisar as iniciativas participativas existentes no marco da PEB e a qualidade democrática do diálogo entre Executivo e sociedade civil nas agendas de política externa. O trabalho se apoia nos avanços dos estudos sobre participação democrática e busca identificar similaridades e diferenças em formatos e dinâmicas das iniciativas de participação no âmbito da PEB, verificando assim a existência de tendências e determinantes. Para tanto, são analisadas iniciativas participativas em quatro âmbitos da política externa, quais sejam, negociações internacionais multilaterais comerciais, integração regional, cooperação sul-sul para o desenvolvimento e direitos humanos.

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Having transformed its hinterland to become a major exporter of agricultural commodities, Brazil has, since the mid-2000s, set up a range of South–South cooperation (SSC) initiatives to export its agri-food policies and technologies to othe countries, mainly in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. Both the domestic agricultural policies and SSC have been scrutinised and shaped by interactions with civil society actors, from peasant associations and trade unions to rights-based non-governmental organisations. This article explores modes of interaction and interdependence between different civil society and state actors in the context of SSC relating to food security and agricultural development. It analyses changes and continuities in civil society engagement, and mobilisation and de-mobilisation dynamics. Recently, the government’s de-prioritisation of the South–South agenda has been accompanied by very limited civil society activism. The article discusses why this needs attention and the challenges that need to be considered to reinstate productive state–civil society dynamics.

This paper examines whether and how the imperatives of measuring Official Development Assistance (ODA; or development aid) are being translated to the policy world of South-South cooperation (SSC). Through a historical and political ethnographic account of a decade of global policy debates on Southern-led development cooperation between 2009 and 2019, the paper argues that growing conversations on 'SSC effectiveness', and how to measure it, reflect both prevalent 'measurementalities' in the field as well as 'traditional/Northern donor countries' continuous will to socialise and integrate '(re)-emerging Southern providers' into existing aid norms and practices. The paper also demonstrates Southern powerhouses'-such as Brazil, China, and India-agency in these accountability-related debates and their will to integrate differently into the 'aid system' by proposing alternative tools to measure SSC flows and initiatives in their own terms. Finally, the paper argues that unfolding negotiations over quantifying, reporting, and evaluating Southern-led development cooperation reflect the politicised consolidation of SSC in the second decade of the 21st century.Current impasses at the multilateral level, moreover, reveal unsolved North-South disputes over power, status, and responsibility in international development and international affairs, more broadly. | 335SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION MEASUREMENT POLITICS expanded, intertwined with a growing need to account and measure development and development cooperation flows (Fukuda-Parr & McNeill, 2019;Mitchell, 2002;Rottenburg, 2009). Rather than being static, understandings of responsibility and measurement in the field are currently being disputed and (re)negotiated in light of the major geopolitical shifts in the past two decades and the changing geographies of development across the North-South divide. The 'rise of the South' and of South-South Cooperation (SSC) is a major element in this changing landscape (Eyben & Savage, 2013).This paper provides an empirically based account of the ongoing disputes over whether and how to measure SSC. It examines two United Nations (UN) High-Level Conferences on South-South Cooperation (in 2009 and 2019) and treats them as 'diagnosis events' 1 for investigating how the imperatives of measuring Official Development Assistance (ODA; or development aid) are being translated to the policy world of SSC. 2 By doing so, it also examines the effects of growing 'international development measurementalities', as labelled here, on North-South power relations and on broader disputes over responsibilities in the field of global development.The paper makes three major contributions. First, it argues that growing conversations on 'SSC effectiveness', and how to measure it, reflect both prevalent 'measurementalities' in the field as well as 'traditional donor countries"-members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC)-continuous will to socialise and integrate Southern countries into existi...

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