Crisis and changes in international governance in the dawn of the 21st century: rethinking the spheres of international politics

Abstract

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War, Sanctions, Deglobalization: Which Comes First?

“…Therefore, it is no surprise that these and other episodes of "armed interdependence", inextricably intertwined with measures of selective and discriminatory protectionism, such as those mentioned in the previous paragraphs, have pushed Russia and China, but also other countries of lower "geopolitical status", to pursue the creation of networks and infrastructures supporting global exchanges, which are alternatives to the existing ones, believed to be controlled by the United States and its allies. In other terms, actors in the developing world are challenging the international governance system, aspiring to act as rule makers, and prompting a "messy transformation" in which the crisis of the existing order and the prospects for a more inclusive one intertwines (Villa and Ramanzini Junior 2021). In this "messy circle" of actions and reactions that takes shape and reshapes the world, going back to the causal factor upstream can be more complex than identifying what is immediately perceptible.…”

RBPI and the Study of IR: Fostering a Multifaceted Platform for Global Dialogue, Debate and Academic Cooperation

“…Traditional theories and models have been put to the test, and scholars have been compelled to integrate various academic traditions -ranging from International and Comparative Politics to Foreign Policy Analysis and International Law -to make sense of these complex phenomena. The need for interdisciplinary approaches has never been more apparent, especially in understanding the decline or transformation of the International Liberal Order in the face of unpredictable events (Villa and Ramanzini Junior 2021).…”

“…This issue gained particular relevance by addressing a multitude of crises that have rattled the international system, ranging from financial collapses and economic downturns to escalating geopolitical tensions and conflicts. It provided a comprehensive analysis, incorporating perspectives on institutional adaptations, policy responses, and the evolving roles of state and non-state actors in navigating these turbulent times (Villa and Ramanzini Junior 2021).…”