2013
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20130118
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Mapping the clockworks: what does the Clock Drawing Test assess in normal and pathological aging?

Abstract: Brief cognitive tests are widely used in neuropsychology and related areas, in order to assess and diagnose develop mental, neurological, and psychiatric conditions. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is also adopted as a screening tool for cognitive impairment in several conditions such as dementia, stroke, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment and mood disorders¹. The CDT basically consists of the drawing of dif ferent elements of a clock, including the clock face, numbers, and arrow-hands. The instructions and… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…The CDT is widely used to measure executive function. Although a strong association between the CDT and executive function has been established, global cognitive functioning, visuospatial abilities, and semantic knowledge also influence the test results …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The CDT is widely used to measure executive function. Although a strong association between the CDT and executive function has been established, global cognitive functioning, visuospatial abilities, and semantic knowledge also influence the test results …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although a strong association between the CDT and executive function has been established, global cognitive functioning, visuospatial abilities, and semantic knowledge also influence the test results. 36 More than 95% of participants in all three groups were taking AD medication, and the CG received highquality community care, which may have diluted the effect of the intervention. It has been suggested that women benefit more from exercise with respect to cognition.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conceptually, the CDT is viewed as a visuospatial task and is sensitive to right parietal pathology [48] . However, numerous studies have recently demonstrated that it also reflects frontal-lobe functions, such as executive functioning and attention [49] , [50] . Thus, in relation to the present study, poor performance on the MoCA and CDT suggest that the global cognitive decline exhibited by the T2DM patients of this cohort was multi-dimensional and may be due to damage in visuospatial- and executive-related brain regions such as the occipital and frontal regions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We selected six cognitive tests that have previously been shown to be sensitive to individual differences in primarily memory (Golski et al, 1998; Balthazar et al, 2008; Goh et al, 2012) or both memory and executive function (Paula et al, 2013; Shao et al, 2014) during healthy cognitive aging. These tests included the Boston Naming Test (BNT), the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), the Clock Drawing Test (CLOCKs), the Category and Letter Fluency Tests.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%