Effects of Exercise on Cognition: The Finnish Alzheimer Disease Exercise Trial: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Öhman, Hannareeta; Savikko, Niina; Strandberg, Timo; Kautiainen, Hannu; Raivio, Minna; Laakkonen, Marja‐Liisa; Tilvis, Reijo S.; Pitkälä, Kaisu H.

doi:10.1111/jgs.14059

Cited by 116 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the included studies, the sample size ranged from 2024 to 27837 participants. Thirteen studies examined the effect of exercise on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease 24,25,27,28,30,34,43,46,50,52,54–56. Nine studies examined the effect of exercise on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment 33,37–39,47,48,53,57,58.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Cai¹,

Li²,

Hua³

et al. 2017

CIA

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the effect of exercise on cognitive function in people with chronic diseases.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and three Chinese databases were electronically searched for papers that were published until September 2016. This meta-analysis and systematic review included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on cognitive function compared with control group for people with chronic diseases.ResultsTotally, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 3,113 participants. The main analysis revealed a positive overall random effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. The secondary analysis revealed that aerobic exercise interventions and aerobic included exercise interventions had a positive effect on cognition in patients with chronic diseases. The intervention offering low frequency had a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. Finally, we found that interventions offered at both low exercise intensity and moderate exercise intensity had a positive effect on cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. The secondary analysis also revealed that exercise interventions were beneficial in Alzheimer’s disease patients when grouped by disease type.ConclusionThis meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that exercise interventions positively influence cognitive function in patients with chronic diseases. Beneficial effect was independent of the type of disease, type of exercise, frequency, and the intensity of the exercise intervention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Cai¹,

Li²,

Hua³

et al. 2017

CIA

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“…Changes observed in hippocampus structure accompanied by behavioral responses on cognition have showed the BDNF as the main exercise-related factor involved in the improvement of cognitive-related processes, among different ages and population conditions (Fernandes et al, 2016; Öhman et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-dependent BDNF as a Modulatory Factor for the Executive Processing of Individuals in Course of Cognitive Decline. A Systematic Review

Assis

Almondes

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Aging naturally triggers a decline in cognition as result of deterioration in cerebral circuits, thus the executive functions (EFs) suffer changes that progress from mild to severe states of impairment. Exercise instead, works as a strategy for cognitive enhancement by modulating neuronal plasticity through the regulation of BDNF. However, whether the exercise-dependent BDNF may improve higher complexity processes such as the EFs is still in a studying process.Results: Current data on exercise-dependent BDNF changes for aging individuals in a course of cognitive impairment was summarized to investigate whether the exercise regulation of BDNF is effective to pronounce long term changes on executive controls. While the exercise-dependent regulation of BDNF is currently undeniable, the role of exercise dependent BDNF as a tool for the improvement of EFs in individuals with dementia is still less clear and seldom discussed. The summary of findings indicate a limited number of studies addressing exercise in order to discuss parameters related to either BDNF or executive functioning in such population conditions (n = 215), further narrowing to a total of 5 studies presenting analysis of both parameters. Nonetheless, positive outcomes from BDNF and EF variables were displayed by all the populations exposed to exercise across studies. Aerobic exercise was shown to be a major source for the enhancement of the BDNF-dependent executive functioning, when compared to cognitive stimulation. Moreover, the effect of exercise-dependent BDNF on domains of executive functioning appears to occur in a dose-dependent manner for the aging individuals, independently of cognitive condition.

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“…The intervention in this study involved exercises (for example dual-tasking) tailored to improve executive function. Our recent report of the present trial suggests that tailored home-based exercise leads to improved executive function [19]. The improvements in physical functioning could, presumably, stem from the positive effects of exercise on executive function in participants with milder cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants were reassessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. There were 6 deaths, 2 refusals to continue, 5 institutionalizations, and 6 patients with missed visits due to health reasons in the exercise groups compared to 6 deaths, 5 institutionalizations, and 3 patients with missed visits in the control groups [19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise on Functional Performance and Fall Rate in Subjects with Mild or Advanced Alzheimer's Disease: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Study

Öhman

Savikko²,

Strandberg

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Exercise improves functional performance in subjects with dementia. However, whether the benefits of exercise are evident in all stages of dementia remains uncertain. This study examines how people in different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) benefit from exercise intervention in their physical functioning and risk of falling. Methods: The present study is a subanalysis of a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise intervention (twice a week for 12 months) in AD patients (n = 194). We studied the effects separately in participants with mild dementia and in participants with advanced dementia. Results: In subjects with mild dementia, the deterioration in physical functioning was slower in the intervention group than in the controls. Changes in Functional Independence Measure at 12 months were -2.7 (95% CI -0.5 to -4.9) in the intervention group and -10.1 (95% CI -7.0 to -13.3) in the control group (p < 0.001). The exercise intervention proved effective in preventing falls among patients with advanced AD, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.47 (95% CI 0.37-0.60; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Regular exercise may slow the rate of functional deterioration in mild AD and reduce falls in patients suffering from advanced AD.

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Effects of Exercise on Cognition: The Finnish Alzheimer Disease Exercise Trial: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abstract: Regular, long-term, customized HE improved the executive function of community-dwelling older people with memory disorders, but the effects were mild and were not observed in other domains of cognition.

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Effect of exercise on cognitive function in chronic disease patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Exercise-dependent BDNF as a Modulatory Factor for the Executive Processing of Individuals in Course of Cognitive Decline. A Systematic Review

Effects of Exercise on Functional Performance and Fall Rate in Subjects with Mild or Advanced Alzheimer's Disease: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Study

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