Agaricus subrufescens: substratum nitrogen concentration and mycelial extraction method on antitumor activity

Abstract

Antitumor activity of Agaricus subrufescens has been shown on vegetative mycelium and basidiocarp. However, few studies have assessed the effect of A. subrufescens cultivation conditions and extraction methods on antitumor activity. This study evaluated the effect of nitrogen concentration on the cultivation medium of A. subrufescens and the extraction method of mycelial antineoplastic actives against sarcoma 180 cells implanted in mice. Two nitrogen sources (isolated soybean protein and NaNO 3 ) and 10 nitrogen concentrations (0.25 to 8.0 g/L) were used. Dried mycelium extract was obtained by hot water infusion (1:10 mass:volume; 90 °C) or by aqueous mixture (1:10 mass:volume, ambient temperature) in ultrapure water. The doses were administered daily by gavage to mice implanted with sarcoma 180 cells. Isolated soy protein is more efficient to mycelial biomass production than NaNO 3 . The mycelial biomass production increases when the cultivation medium is added with high nitrogen concentrations as well as the splenic index and the antitumor activity of the moistened mycelial powder. Hot water extract is more effective than the moistened mycelial powder to reduce tumor. The antitumor activity of hot water mycelial extract is similar to the one of basidiocarps, presenting lower metabolic demand on the spleen, keeping blood parameters normal and promoting animal wellness.

Lentinus crinitus basidiocarp stipe and pileus: chemical composition, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity

“…Mushrooms are prized for their taste, nutritional value, and bioactive compounds used for health and well-being [1][2][3][4][5] but just some of them are cultivated in industrial scale worldwide such as Pleurotus, Lentinula, Auricularia, Agaricus, Flammulina, Coprinus, Agrocybe, and Volvariella genera [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Antitumor, Anti-inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

“…However, Delmanto et al [37] suggested that the mechanism for the observed antitumor effect of AbM was the mushroom's antimutagenic effect, as demonstrated by its reduction in cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in the bone marrow and blood cells of the treated mice. The antitumor and antimetastatic effect of AbM polysaccharide in the fibrosarcoma model was confirmed after intratumor injection in 2005 [38], oral administration of AbM hot water extract in 2016 [39], and fermented AbM mycelia in 2018 [40]. The mechanism in the latter study was suggested to be an increase in cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T cells and a reduction in CD19+ B cells [40], restoring the balance between cellular and humoral immunity.…”

Mycelial biomass cultivation of Lentinus crinitus

“…Chang and Miles (2004) cited that for basidiomycetes the nutrients must be readily accessible because most of the species have limited access to non-protein nitrogen such as nitrate and, therefore, the supply of a protein nitrogen source is essential. Bertéli et al (2016) reported that the utilization of isolated soybean protein (protein nitrogen source) was more effective in the mycelial biomass growth of A. brasiliensis, without growth inhibition as occurred with sodium nitrate (nonprotein nitrogen source). According to Robbins (1939) reported that all fungus species utilize organic nitrogen (protein nitrogen) and a few ones use inorganic nitrogen (non-protein nitrogen).…”