Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

Abstract

Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb 300 ) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb 2.000 ) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb 300 nor EEStb 2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb 2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25-50μg ml −1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

“…Phytochemical studies carried out with the species Myracroduo nurundeuva Allemão, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Spondias mombin L., Spondias purpurea L. and Spondias tuberosa Arruda, belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, detected the presence of several secondary metabolites. The most abundant are phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, and cinnamic acid, which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory action [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of the ethanol extract of Byttneria pilosa Roxb.

“…Several anti-inflammatory medicinal plant species, such as Myracroduo nurundeuva Allemão, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Spondias mombin L., Spondias purpurea L., Spondias tuberosa Arruda, Euphorbiaceae acalypha hispida Burm. f., Acalypha indica L. and Phyllanthus niruri L. [ 4 , 9 , 38 , 47 , 54 , 61 ]. The authors reported that it may be due to the presence of phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in their extracts.…”

Long-term toxicological studies on the Chinese medicine 2036 Specialty-Qiangxin recipe in rats

“…Analysis of hematological parameters is a good predictor of the toxic potential of drugs, as blood cells are the first cells to be exposed to drug toxicity (Barbosa et al. 2016 ). The results of the present study demonstrated that the administration of 0.6 g/kg 2036S-QXR for 26 weeks increased the RBC count and HB level in the treated male rats compared with the control male rats.…”