This review aims to summarize the anticancer effects of the natural monoterpene phenol derivative of cymenethymol and its derivatives as well as further molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of thymol and biomacromolecules that involved in cancer cell growth. For this, an up‐to‐date (till July 2018) literature study were made through using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society, http://clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Literature study demonstrated that thymol, melasolv (3,4,5‐Trimethoxycinnamate thymol ester), and Mannich bases of thymol have potential anticancer effects in various test systems, including mice, rats and cultured cancer cells through various anticancer pathways such as antioxidant/oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, anti‐inflammatory/immunomodulatory, anti‐genotoxicity, chemo‐, and radiopreventive ways. A few earlier scientific evidences showed that thymol is less toxic to mammalian systems. In silico study of thymol and its derivatives against 17 essential proteins revealed that 6BVH (PARP‐1) and 5LIH (protein kinase C) are the most efficient receptor protein for interaction and binding of thymol and melaslov for the cancer prevention and initiation. On the basis of the summary of this review and docking study, it is evident that thymol may be one of promising plant‐derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):9–19, 2019

Background: The purpose of the current study is to identify the phytochemicals as well as to determine the level of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activity of leaf methanolic extract of Colocasia affinis Schott (LMCA). Methods: To appraise the antioxidant activities the extensively used total phenol, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and DPPH scavenging assay have been used. Cytotoxic potential was determined by brine shrimp lethality test whereas antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking methods were employed to evaluate analgesic activity. To gauge anti-inflammatory activity, xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan induced paw edema methods were used. Castor oil induced diarrhea and magnesium sulfate induced enteropooling methods were used to figure out antidiarrheal activity evaluation. Results: Phytochemical screening affirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins in the extract. LMCA contains marked amount of total phenol (3.89 ± 2.36 mg/g), total flavonoid (905.50 ± 2.12 mg/g) and total antioxidant (245.83 ± 2.36 mg/g). Remarkable cupric reducing power and ferric reducing power capability were observed. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the extract showed moderate scavenging potential (IC 50 395.97 μg/ml), whereas IC 50 value of standard ascorbic acid was 32.75 μg /ml. The extract showed a significant result in cytotoxicity test. In disk diffusion antimicrobial assay LMCA manifested broad spectrum of activity. In acetic acid induced writhing test, the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) showed 57.69% inhibition of abdominal constrictions compared to Diclofenac Sodium (74.62%). In case of formalin induced analgesic activity test the extract exhibited preeminent effect (LMCA 1000 mg/kg showed 58.64% inhibition). The extract inhibited 86.36% xylene induced ear edema (at dose 1000 mg/kg) where Aspirin inhibited 88.81%. In carrageenan induced test LMCA 1000 mg/kg manifested eloquent inhibition of inflammation at 6th hour (50.59%). The highest dose 1000 mg/kg of LMCA showed significant (80.95%) reduction in diarrhea and noticeable reduction of intestinal fluid secretion (24.29%). Conclusion: To recapitulate, it is suggested that the leaf of Colocasia affinis Schott might be a potential source of useful bioactive molecules.

the SArS-CoV-2 devastation on the Center Nervous System (CNS) is ascertained by the present clinical findings and the noticeable signs and symptoms. the CNS involvement of the virus is not trivial; something considered the most destructive potential of the virus as the brain evolves into a highly protective structure. different possible routes with favorable mechanisms are used by the virus to have a successful entry. then, the SArS-CoV-2 invasion illustrates a mechanism of both the innate and adaptive immune response to control virus replication and removal from the CNS tissues. the cytokine storm and autoimmune response during the immunological events result in demyelination, damage of residence cells and neurons, cerebrovascular thrombosis, and dysregulation of neuro signaling pathways. Furthermore, hypoxia and toxemia accelerate the neurological destruction process. the acute attributions on psychology due to inflammation is a hallmark of CNS involved pathogenesis; nevertheless, the productivity, durability, and longevity of virus-specific lymphocytes are the vital indicators for complete removal of viral antigen and to combat in reinfection in the CNS.

Background Traditionally, the herb Byttneria pilosa Roxb. is used for bone fractures, boils, scabies, rheumatalgia, snake bites, syphilis, elephantiasis, poisoning, and eye infection. Scientific reports suggest that it has significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, anxiolytic, locomotion, sedative and anti-obesity effects. This study aims at the investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the ethanol extract of this herb. Methods Fresh whole plant was extracted with absolute ethanol. A preliminary phytochemical investigation was followed by the evaluation of thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities by applying human clotted blood lysis, egg albumin, and acetic acid-induced writhing models, respectively. Results Phytochemical investigation suggests that B. pilosa possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and reducing sugars. The extract exhibited clot lysis and anti-inflammatory effects in a concentration-dependent manner. B. pilosa extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg also showed significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activity in Swiss albino mice. Conclusion The B. pilosa ethanol extract contains many important secondary metabolites and has thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities. More research is necessary on this hopeful medicinal herb.

In this present study emulsions were prepared by using black cumin oil. Dry gum method was followed to prepare emulsions formula A & B. Stability tests including organoleptic property evaluation, pH test, accelerated stability studies, water-drop test and peroxide value were determined. In case of organoleptic property evaluation emulsions showed insignificant changes and there were no variation in pH in both preparations up to 3 months. Emulsions were also undergone to different temperature effects and centrifugation at 4000 rpm, but lost the homogenous structure and separated into two phases under the effect of light and centrifugation. The study showed better results for emulsion B comparing with emulsion A. Thus our results showed that emulsion formulation B can be a good semi-solid preparation in Pharmaceutical field and food industry.