Origin, historical and landscape evolution of the Expedicionários Square, São João Del Rei-MG

Abstract

The squares built in Brazil from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, especially those located along the Royal Road, have characteristic traces and species, and generally had their origin near or as part of a church. The city of São João Del Rei-MG emerged in this region, specifically in the Old Path of the Royal Road [Estrada Real], from gold exploration in the eighteenth century. Thus, this study aimed at the historical and landscape survey of the Expedicionários Square, one of the squares located in the historic center of the city of São João Del Rei-MG. The methodology used consisted of an inventive analysis, associated with a subjective analysis, which allowed the study of the evolution of the area, based on the analysis of morphological changes that occurred in the square by different interventions. The value and uses by the population were also considered, at the different evolution periods of the place. Based on the information collected, modifications both in the structure and in the toponymy of this square were observed. The layout of the square has characteristics of an eclectic style, with irregular stones in its interior and beds with geometric paths, typical of the urbanization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The plants used consist mainly of ornamental trees and shrubs, without an apparent logical planning. The importance of the square is related to its use and frequency by the population, besides the cultural and historical value of the place, since it houses the Legalidade Fountain, a landmark in the city of São João Del Rei (MG). Keywords: Historical gardens, Royal Road, toponymy, historical squares. RESUMO Origem, evolução histórica e paisagística da Praça dos Expedicionários, São João Del Rei-MG As praças construídas no Brasil a partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX, sobretudo aquelas localizadas ao longo da Estrada Real, possuem traçados e espécies características e geralmente, tiveram sua origem próximo ou como parte de uma igreja. A cidade de São João Del Rei-MG emergiu nesta região, especificamente no Caminho Velho da Estrada Real, a partir da exploração de ouro no século XVIII. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo o levantamento histórico e paisagístico da Praça dos Expedicionários, uma das praças localizadas no centro histórico da cidade de São João Del Rei-MG. A metodologia utilizada consistiu da análise inventiva associada à análise subjetiva, que permitiram o estudo da evolução da área, baseando-se na análise de alterações morfológicas ocorridas na praça pelas diferentes intervenções. Também o valor e usos pela população foram considerados, nas diferentes épocas da evolução da praça. Baseando-se nas informações coletadas, observaram-se modificações tanto na estrutura quando na toponímia dessa praça. O traçado da praça tem características de estilo eclético, com pedras irregulares no seu interior e canteiros com caminhos geométricos, típicos da urbanização do final do século XIX e início do século XX. As plantas utilizadas consistem principalmente de árvores ...

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