Espaços verdes e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares no município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

OBJECTIVEInvestigate the association between exposure to green spaces and mortality from ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases, and the role of socioeconomic status in this relationship, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.METHODSEcological study, with the census tracts as unit of analysis. This study used data from deaths due to ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases among residents aged over 30 years, from 2010 to 2012. Exposure to green was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index based on satellite images. The associations between exposure to green spaces and mortality rates due to ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases, standardized by gender and age, were analyzed using conditional autoregressive models, adjusted for the density of light and heavy traffic routes, pollution proxy, and by the socioeconomic situation, measured by the Social Development Index. Analyzes stratified by socioeconomic levels were also carried out, given by the tertiles of the Social Development Index.RESULTSAmong the greener sectors, with a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index above the third quartile, the reduction in mortality due to ischemic heart disease was 6.7% (95%CI 3.5–9.8) and cerebrovascular was 4.7% (95%CI 1.2–8.0). In the stratified analysis, the protective effect of green spaces on ischemic heart disease mortality was observed among the greenest sectors of all strata, and it was higher for those with a lower socioeconomic level (8.6%, 95%CI 1.8–15.0). In the case of mortality due to cerebrovascular diseases, the protective effect was verified only for the greenest sectors of the lowest socioeconomic level (9.6%, 95%CI 2.3–16.5).CONCLUSIONSMortality rates for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases are inversely associated with exposure to green spaces when controlling socioeconomic status and air pollution. The protective effect of green spaces is greater among the tracts of lower socioeconomic level.

Association Between Residential Greenness, Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in China

“…Accumulating data indicate that a higher amount of neighborhood vegetation (referred to as residential greenness) is associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. 3 , 4 A large number of studies have examined the cardiovascular associations of greenness, 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 but more than 50% of those focused on CVD mortality. In addition, most of the previous studies were conducted in middle- and high-income countries, and only a few studies were performed in low-income countries.…”

Hipertensos assistidos em serviço de atenção secundária: risco cardiovascular e determinantes sociais de saúde

“…Estudos realçam que a relação entre ambientes saudáveis e a saúde cardiovascular pode ser mediada pela prática de atividades físicas, oportunidades de lazer e pela melhoria das condições psicossociais, como redução do estresse e fomento do contato e da coesão social 31,32 . Tais ambientes se caracterizam como fatores contextuais na saúde da população, os quais são pertinentes na orientação de medidas de promoção da saúde, norteadas ao controle das diversas DCNTs 32 . É válido salientar que o "Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil 2011-2022" 26 propõe ações de abrangência populacional intersetoriais, que extrapolam o setor saúde.…”

Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Hierarchical Urban Parks by Multi-Types of Travel Distance in Shenzhen, China

“…A large body of literature explored the associations between green spaces and health (for example, [10,11,12,13]). Greener living environments enhance human health, including reducing risk of chronic diseases (i.e., obesity, cardio-metabolic issues, and sedentary behavior) [13,14], alleviating stress-related psychosocial symptoms [15,16], improving self-esteem and mood [17], and facilitating social interaction [18,19]. Generally, the spatial distribution of urban green spaces is not homogeneous within cities [20,21,22].…”