Socioeconomic status in childhood and obesity in adults: a population-based study

Wagner, Kátia Jakovljevic Pudla; Bastos, João Luiz; Navarro, Albert; Gonzalez-Chica, David; Boing, Antônio Fernando

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000123

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(52 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[40] The two main competing and complementary conceptual models for health disparities are "race and SES" versus "race or SES." [57][58][59][60] These are also relevant to the differential exposures and differential effects. Some of the health disparities literature has reduced racial and ethnic disparities to SES inequalities, however, that approach is oversimplistic and does not allow non-linear effects of SES based on group membership.…”

Section: Findings In the Context Of Other Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Educational Attainment, and E-Cigarette Use

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although higher educational attainment lowers high-risk behaviors such as substance use, according to the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, the effect of educational attainment may be smaller for Blacks than Whites. Aims: To explore the racial differences in the link between educational attainment and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data. This national survey was conducted in 2017 and included 2,277 American adults composed of 1,868 White and 409 Black individuals. Educational attainment was the independent variable. E-cigarette use (lifetime) was the dependent variables. Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the effect modifier. Results: In the overall sample, a higher level of education attainment was linked to lower odds of e-cigarette use (OR = 0.76, 95% CI =0.61-0.95). Race showed a significant interaction with educational attainment on the outcome (OR = 1.63, 95% CI =1.04-2.56), suggesting a weaker negative association between high educational attainment and e-cigarette use for Blacks than Whites. In race-stratified logistic regression models, high educational attainment was inversely associated with risk of e-cigarette use for Whites but not Blacks. Conclusion: Educational attainment shows a stronger effect on e-cigarette use in White than Black Americans.

show abstract

Section: Findings In the Context Of Other Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Educational Attainment, and E-Cigarette Use

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the protective effect of high socioeconomic status (SES) against high BMI in youth [31,32,33], adults [34,35], and older adults [36,37], SES is one of the best candidates as an explanatory factor for explaining the BMI differences between blacks and whites [30]. This is particularly relevant given the literature that has linked low SES to higher BMI among black youth [32,38,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth

Assari

Boyce

Bazargan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Parental educational attainment is shown to be protective against health problems; the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that these protective effects tend to be smaller for socially marginalized groups particularly blacks than whites. Aims: To explore racial differences in the effect of parental educational attainment on body mass index (BMI) in a national sample of US adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data of 10,701 (8678 white and 2023 black) 12–17 years old adolescents in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013). Parental educational attainment was the predictor. Youth BMI (based on self-reported weight and height) was the dependent variable. Age, gender, ethnicity, and family structure were covariates. Race was the focal moderator. Results: Overall, higher parental educational attainment was associated with lower youth BMI. Race, however, moderated the effect of parental educational attainment on BMI, suggesting that the protective effect of parental educational attainment on BMI is significantly smaller for black than white youth. Conclusions: In the United States, race alters the health gains that are expected to follow parental educational attainment. While white youth who are from highly educated families are fit, black youth have high BMI at all levels of parental educational attainment. This means, while the most socially privileged group, whites, gain the most health from their parental education, blacks, the least privileged group, gain the least. Economic, social, public, and health policymakers should be aware that health disparities are not all due to lower socioeconomic status (SES) of the disadvantaged group but also diminished returns of SES resources for them. Black–white health disparities exist across all high socioeconomic status (SES) levels.

show abstract

“…The highest BF% values were found for students of medium‐low SES, which is consistent with a recent investigation that found an association between obesity by BF% and lower SES in women (Lizana et al, ). In addition, it has been observed that a low socioeconomic level mainly influences women during childhood, increasing their adiposity indicators in adulthood (Wagner, Bastos, Navarro, Gonzalez‐Chica, & Boing, ). High BF% could influence measurements of other variables such as external skeletal robustness, as was shown in the current investigation, where significant differences in female students of lower SES were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition

Lizana

Hormazábal-Peralta

2019

American J Hum Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: External skeletal robustness has been decreasing in children, potentially due to a lack of physical activity and the increased prevalence of obesity. However, whether socioeconomic status (SES) influences external skeletal robustness in adolescents has not yet been examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to examine 370 Chilean adolescents (16.15 ± 1.01 years old) recruited from distinct educational establishments. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated using Ellis' equations for Hispanic children. Obesity was defined as ≥25 BF% in males and ≥ 30 BF% in females. External skeletal robustness was obtained by measuring the humerus biepicondylar width and height (Frame-Index). SES was obtained through the ESOMAR survey. Results: Females exhibited significantly greater BF% and lower Frame-Index values than males (P < .001). Obese adolescents (by BF%) had greater Frame-Index values than non-obese adolescents (P < .001). Females of medium-high SES had significantly lower BF% and Frame-Index values than females of medium and medium-low SES. BF% had a positive correlation with Frame-Index values in all SES groups studied, except in males of medium-high SES. As SES decreased, the correlation increased in both sexes, but overall, the correlation was greater in females than males. Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that obesity increases external skeletal robustness in adolescents. Additionally, lower SES corresponded to higher BF% and Frame-Index values. Therefore, modern conditions that influence the prevalence of obesity in adolescence could be affecting bone health in adolescents, primarily in females of medium-low SES. d Comparisons were performed using the One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc comparison Bonferroni test. e Comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparison Dunn's test. * P < .05. † ESOMAR survey to determine socioeconomic status was used.

show abstract

Socioeconomic status in childhood and obesity in adults: a population-based study

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Race, Educational Attainment, and E-Cigarette Use

Race, Educational Attainment, and E-Cigarette Use

Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth

External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About