Factors associated with self-reported discrimination against men who have sex with men in Brazil

Magno, Laio; Dourado, Inês; Silva, Luís Augusto Vasconcelos da; Brignol, Sandra; Brito, Ana Maria de; Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland; Benzaken, Adèle Schwartz; Pinho, Adriana de Araújo; Kendall, Carl; Kerr, Lígia Regina Franco Sansigolo

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000016

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…HIV prevalence in MSM in Brazil. Stigma and discrimination against MSM remain high in Brazil, especially among the poor and little educated populations 20,27,28 . This makes it difficult to obtain reliable HIV prevalence estimates among MSM and indicates RDS as a choice method for assessing prevalence 17 .…”

Section: Nma-iter Methods With Respect To Other Methods Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based Respondent-driven sampling analysis for HIV prevalence in brazilian MSM

Robineau

Gomes

Kendall

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Respondent Driven Sampling study (RDS) is a population sampling method developed to study hard-toreach populations. A sample is obtained by chain-referral recruitment in a network of contacts within the population of interest. Such self-selected samples are not representative of the target population and require weighing observations to reduce estimation bias. Recently, the Network Model-Assisted (NMA) method was described to compute the required weights. The NMA method relies on modeling the underlying contact network in the population where the RDS was conducted, in agreement with directly observable characteristics of the sample such as the number of contacts, but also with more difficult-to-measure characteristics such as homophily or differential characteristics according to the response variable. Here we investigated the use of the NMA method to estimate HIV prevalence from RDS data when information on homophily is limited. We show that an iterative procedure based on the NMA approach allows unbiased estimations even in the case of strong population homophily and differential activity and limits bias in case of preferential recruitment. We applied the methods to determine HIV prevalence in men having sex with men in Brazilian cities and confirmed a high prevalence of HIV in these populations from 3.8% to 22.1%. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a method to sample hard-to-reach populations such as injecting drug users, men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers 1. It uses chain-referral sampling, building on the underlying contact network for recruitment of participants. RDS starts by selecting seed individuals from the population of interest. They receive a fixed number of coupons to distribute to individuals in their contact network who meet certain eligibility criteria. In turn, individuals receiving a coupon recruit new participants among their contacts, leading to successive recruitment waves until the target number of individuals for the survey is reached 2. A drawback of the method is that the final sample is not representative of the target population, introducing bias in naïve estimates of, say, prevalence. Statistical procedures using generalized Horvitz-Thompson estimators can reduce biases 3,4. In those, weights are computed according to referral patterns, estimated network size, number of ties between subgroups of interest 5 , differences in the number of partners declared by participants 6 or homophily in chain referrals 7. Weights can also be computed using bootstrap procedures 8. Yet, numerous issues affect the reliability and validity of RDS estimates because several hypotheses are required 3,9-11 : (1) the population size need to be large compared to the RDS sample; (2) sampling must occur with replacement; (3) population homophily should be weak; (4) seeds should be selected at random. Recently, the network model-assisted (NMA) method has been shown to increase the robustness in prevalence estimation from RDS data with respect to these assumptions 11. In this approach, characterist...

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Section: Nma-iter Methods With Respect To Other Methods Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based Respondent-driven sampling analysis for HIV prevalence in brazilian MSM

Robineau

Gomes

Kendall

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Akibat adanya diskriminasi yang ditimbulkan antara lain perasaan sedih atau tertekan hingga adanya pikiran untuk bunuh diri. Angka kejadian diskriminasi di negara yang melarang adanya homoseksualitas dilaporkan cukup tinggi (Magno et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pengaruh Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya (Kds) Terhadap Kualitas Hiunclassified

Effects of Sexual Behavior, Family Support, Peer Support, Stigma, and Discrimination on Quality of Life Among Gay Community in Tulungagung, East Java

Ekasari

Demartoto

Murti

2018

J EPIDEMIOL PUBLIC HEALTH

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Background: Stigma and discrimination that are experienced by gay community have long been documented to occur in Indonesia, including Tulungagung District, East Java. Gay community often experience stigma, discrimination, and rejection by the society and health personnel. Stigma and discrimination may worsen the quality of life among gay community. This study aimed to examine the effects of sexual behavior, family support, family income, peer support, stigma, and discrimination on quality of life among gay community in Tulungagung, East Java. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Pelangi Gay Community, Tulungagung District, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 181 gays was selected by stratified random sampling. The exogenous variables were sexual behavior, family income, peer support, stigma, and discrimination. The endogenous variables were family support and quality of life. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Better quality of life was positively affected by safe sexual behavior (b= 1.32; 95% CI= 0.18 to 2.46; p= 0.023) and strong family support (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.51; p= 0.006). Strong family support was positively affected by family income (b= 1.62; 95% CI= 0.97 to 2.27; p= 0.001). Better quality of life was positively affected by participation in peer support program (b= 2.84; 95% CI= 1.77 to 3.91; p= 0.001), freedom of stigma (b= 1.11; 95% CI= -0.04 to 2.26; p= 0.060), and freedom of discrimination (b= 1.43; 95% CI= 0.37 to 2.48; p= 0.008). Conclusion: Safe sexual behavior and strong family support have direct positive effect on the quality of life among gay community. Stigma and discrimination have indirect effect on lower quality of life among gay community.

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“…However, the bene t of this program is mainly for pregnant women [17], and the coverage among sexual minorities remains low [18,19]. Stigma and discrimination towards MSM in Brazil are high and one of the barrier to access health care services and HIV test especially at PHC [20][21][22]. Therefore, it is necessary to expand novel ways of HIV testing among MSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among MSM who have not tested: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

Magno

Leal

Knauth

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background : Brazil has a substantial population living with HIV (PLWH) who are still unaware of their serostatus and has recently added HIV self-test (HIVST) into its public health system for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and its associated factors among those who had never been tested or had a previous HIV negative result. Methods : Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for behavioral and biological surveillance to recruit 4,176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted with Gile’s estimator in RDS Analyst software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or one or more times). Results : We included 3,605 MSM who did not previously know they were PLWH. The acceptability of HIVST was 49.1%, lower among those had never tested compared to those who had a previous HIV negative test. In the subgroup of MSM who had never had an HIV test, those who reported discrimination and who had a medical appointment in the last 12 months reported higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had a previous HIV negative test, only those reporting condomless receptive anal sex had greater HIVST acceptability. In addition, we observed that high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, taking part in LGBT nongovernmental organizations, and complete secondary or incomplete higher school were associated with greater acceptability in both groups. Conclusions : The findings highlight that it is necessary to improve information about HIVST among the most vulnerable MSM in Brazil. Given the acceptability of self-testing and its current promotion in Brazil, we can also point to the need for policies that build on this and enhance timely access to health services and prevention information.

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Factors associated with self-reported discrimination against men who have sex with men in Brazil

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Model-based Respondent-driven sampling analysis for HIV prevalence in brazilian MSM

Model-based Respondent-driven sampling analysis for HIV prevalence in brazilian MSM

Effects of Sexual Behavior, Family Support, Peer Support, Stigma, and Discrimination on Quality of Life Among Gay Community in Tulungagung, East Java

Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among MSM who have not tested: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil

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