“…The interaction between business people and customers was limited in this way, while their interaction is inevitable for social exchange, which is substantial for the co-creation of value (Mustak & Pl e, 2020). For example, street gaming shops, street movies show shops, restaurants, gambling centers, retail shops, etc., were limited contact with customers to avoid Covid19 effects (Song et al, 2021). Limited interaction made business people endow themselves with digital service capability to assist them in interacting with customers to cocreate value, and through joining hands with other stakeholders in the ecosystem, like integrating their resources with IT experts and app developers to facilitate service provision in digital form.…”