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A BioMEMS Review: MEMS Technology for Physiologically Integrated Devices

“…The delivery of macromolecules such as oligodeoxynucleotides and ovalbumin has been demonstrated using stainless steel microprojection arrays (Macroflux, manufactured by Alza) [95], [96]. Comparable anti-ovalbumin antibody titers were obtained for dosages of 20 and 80 mg whether administered by microprojection array or the more traditional routes of intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injection.…”

Fabrication and characterization of dissolving microneedle arrays for improving skin permeability of cosmetic ingredients

“…In addition, continuous drug delivery through this type of microneedle requires additional devices, and there is a risk of fractured pieces remaining inside the skin tissue [6]. The poke and patch type microneedles are applied onto the skin and removed to create small holes in the skin, and then drugs are applied directly or in the form of a patch [7,8]. In the case of the coat and poke type microneedles, drugs are coated on the surface of the microneedles and delivered through the skin when the microneedles are inserted into the skin [9].…”

Membrane-sealed hollow microneedles and related administration schemes for transdermal drug delivery

“…A large variety of microneedle designs have been proposed, including both hollow (McAllister et al 2003;Gardeniers et al 2003;Griss and Stemme 2003;Teo et al 2005; and nonhollow (Henry et al 1998;Lin et al 2001;Matriano et al 2002;Mikszta et al 2002;Martanto et al 2004;Park et al 2005) needles made from various materials. For drug delivery, non-hollow needles are limited to delivery schemes where the needles are either pre-coated with the drug or only used to create perforations in the skin for subsequent topical drug administration.…”