Properties and controlled release of chitosan microencapsulated limonene oil

Abstract

Chitosan Controlled release Essential oil Microcapsule Limonene A B S T R A C T Chitosan microcapsules containing limonene essential oil as active ingredient were prepared by coacervation using three different concentrations of NaOH (0.50, 1.00, 1.45 wt%) and fixed concentrations of chitosan and surfactant of 0.50 wt%. The produced microcapsules were fully characterized in their morphology and chemical composition, and the kinetic release analysis of the active ingredient was evaluated after deposition in a non-woven cellulose fabric. The concentration of 1.00 and 1.45 wt% clearly show the best results in terms of dimension and shape of the microcapsules as well as in the volatility results.However, at the concentration of 1 wt% a higher number of microcapsules were produced as confirmed by FTIR and EDS analysis. Free microcapsules are spherical in size with disperse diameters between 2 and 12 μm. Immobilized microcapsules showed sizes from 4 to 7 μm, a rough surface and loss of spherical shape with pore formation in the chitosan walls. SEM analysis confirms that at higher NaOH concentrations, the larger the size of the microcapsules. This technique shows that by tuning NaOH concentration it is possible to efficiently control the release rate of encapsulated active agents demonstrating great potential as insect repellent for textiles.

The Optimum Conditions of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Synthesis on Drug Delivery Application and Its Release of Kinetics Study

“…Encapsulation efficiency between chitosan and CMC was determined by nicotinamide (NA) as drug model [25][26]. Rate release of nicotinamide from matrix system will be determined by slow release kinetics mechanism [27][28][29][30].…”

Chitosan-Based Sustainable Textile Technology: Process, Mechanism, Innovation, and Safety

“…The complex coacervation technique requires anionic materials that are used for the ionic interaction with protonated chitosan such as vanillin [83], carrageenan [82], alginate [86], gelatine [87,88], gum Arabic [89], etc. Besides, the addition of crosslinking agent improves the mechanical property of chitosan microcapsules such as sodium tripolyphosphate [90][91][92], sodium hydroxide [93,94], genipin [87,88,95] glutaraldehyde [96], tannic acid [97], etc. In the processing of microcapsule with chitosan, a soluble chitosan is prepared in solvent such as acetic acid [89], citric acid [83], etc.…”

“…Hence, chitosan-encapsulated citronella essential oil is applied on textile for the fabrication of mosquito repellent textile [93]. Moreover, linseed oil [98], phase change materials [99], and lemon essential oil (Citrus limon L.) [94] are also encapsulated by using chitosan for the formation of shell material in textile applications ( Table 3).…”

Control of mycotoxigenic fungi with microcapsules of essential oils encapsulated in chitosan

“…In order to maintain the EDs native structure, we have used chitosan to encapsulate it due to its chemical and physical properties. Chitosan also has antimicrobial and antifungal activity (Souza et al, 2014).…”