COVID-19: the crucial role of the nose

“…Olfaction involves a complex of structures that allow the capture, transmission, and decoding of stimuli through neurological, physiological, and psychological mechanisms [ 9 ]. Damage to any particular structure or pathway within this system leads to olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and eventually dysosmia [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Olfactory Dysfunction in Individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: A Study of 20,669 Cases from 2020 to 2021

Souza,

Magalhães,

Silva Nobre

et al. 2024

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with olfactory dysfunction in individuals with Covid-19 in the first two years of the pandemic in the Brazil. Materials And Methods: This is a prevalence study involving the confirmed cases of Covid-19 recorded in the municipality between the years 2020 and 2021. Individuals symptomatic for Covid-19, with a positive laboratory result and aged 12 or older, were included in this study. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used in the description of continuous variables and frequency was used for categorical variables. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate data distribution. Results: Data from 20,669 individuals were analyzed. The prevalence of olfactory disorders was 17.9% and increased from 11.5% to 21.9% between 2020 and 2021. A female gender predominance was observed among individuals who reported anosmia, with 61.1% (n = 564) in 2020 and 61.7% (n = 1713) in 2021. On the other hand, the median age of individuals with olfactory disorders was lower than that of the group without disorders (35 [IQR 27-46] vs. 39 [IQR 29-50]; p < 0.001). Smell disturbances were present in 18.2% (n=3634) of patients who recovered and in 7.1% (n = 38) of those who died. Furthermore, in 2021, a prevalence rate of 30.6% for olfactory disorders was linked to obesity as a comorbidity. Conclusion: The prevalence of olfactory disorders was lower compared to other studies, with cough and fever being negatively related to olfactory dysfunction, and headache, coryza, and taste disorders being positively related. Obesity was the only associated comorbidity.

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“…The first case in Indonesia occurred in March, 2020 [2]. COVID-19 is known to be a respiratory tract infection caused by the transmission of the SARS COV-2 virus through the membranes of human organs, namely the eyes, nose and mouth [3], [4]. Experts agree that this transmission can be prevented by closing the access to transmission which is applied in several ways, namely: the use of personal protective equipment such as face coverings or masks [5]- [9] other prevention is done by keeping a distance of at least 1-2 meters with consideration of the effect of the droplet spray can reach that far [10], [11] and wash your hands with soap [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mask design to prevent foggy glasses and difficulty breathing

Mukmin

Soedarwanto

Kurnia

2022

IJPHS

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The present of the pandemic has given to a new habit that we call the new normal. One of the habits we hear most often is wearing a mask. Ironically, the use of masks creates new problems for certain populations, for example, glasses users and people with respiratory problems. Eyeglass users complain of the effect of fog on the glasses when wearing a mask, sufferers of respiratory problems complain of shortness of breath when wearing a mask. To find the design solution, the researches employed the data analysis method and experiments (trials) on the appropriate shape, structure, and material of the mask. The results of this design succeeded in presenting the expected design solutions, namely preventing the effects of eyeglasses fog, reducing the effects of tightness when wearing a mask, a display that supports appearance, and fullfil the WHO mask criteria. It presented in four basic color variants.

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COVID-19: the crucial role of the nose

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

A survival analysis approach for identifying the risk factors in time to recovery of COVID-19 patients using Cox proportional hazard model

A survival analysis approach for identifying the risk factors in time to recovery of COVID-19 patients using Cox proportional hazard model

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Olfactory Dysfunction in Individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: A Study of 20,669 Cases from 2020 to 2021

Mask design to prevent foggy glasses and difficulty breathing

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