Frequency of viral etiology in symptomatic adult upper respiratory tract infections

Silva, Raquel Cirlene da; Mendes, Gabriella S.; Rojas, Miguel; Amorim, Ariane Ribeiro; Couceiro, J. N. S. S.; Lupi, Omar; Elabras, José; Pires, Gisele Viana; Valle, Solange; Santos, Norma

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2014.08.005

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…At the same time, children less than 5 years old accounted for most cases of ARIs (44.15 %) and 45.52 % of them had a documented viral infection (Table 1), a similar incidence rate has been obtained in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Rome and Milan [13][14][15][16], but it was different from other studies [17,18]. For the old adult (≥60 years), viruses were detected in 22.31 % (29/130) of samples, which was lower than that of the study reported by Ren L [12] and Raquel Cirlene da Silva [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Virol J

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BackgroundThe dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized patients. Improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention of ARIs.MethodsClinical and demographic information and throat swabs were collected from 607 patients from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong Province, China. Multiplex RT-PCR (SeeplexTM RV detection, Seegene) was performed to detected 12 respiratory viral pathogens.ResultsA total of 607 hospitalized patients were enrolled from 2011 to 2013. Viruses were identified in 35.75 % (217/607) of cases, including 78 influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB), 47 para-influenza viruses (PIVs), 41 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 38 adenovirus (ADV). For the children under 15 year old, the common detected viruses were influenza viruses, RSV, PIVS and ADV, while the principal respiratory viruses were human coronaviruses (HCoV), PIVs, influenza viruses for the old adults. Co-infections with multiple viruses were detected in 15.67 % of patients. Children under 5 years were more likely to have one or more detectable virus associated with their ARI. The peak of ARI caused by the respiratory viruses occurred in winter.ConclusionThis study demonstrated respiratory viruses were the major cause of hospitalized ARI patients in Shandong Province, influenza virus was the most common detected, RSV was the highest incidence among the young children (≤5 years). These findings also gave a better understand of virus distribution among different age and seasons, which help to consider potential therapeutic approaches and develop effective prevention strategies for respiratory virus infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Virol J

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“…Comparing the overall and virus-specific PDR between studies is made problematic by the variability of factors like the demographic structure of the country, the surveillance scheme and the clinical features of patients being sampled, the sampling techniques being used [15], and the laboratory procedures and assays (which may vary in terms of number of respiratory pathogens that can be detected) [16]. By and large, a viral aetiology could be established in a smaller number of patients compared to previous studies [5,[17][18][19][20], which might be explained by the failure to detect common causes of RVIs like rhinovirus, coronavirus, and others [21]. Viral interference between epidemics of influenza and RSV was observed previously [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016

Caini¹,

Mora²,

Olmedo³

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009-2016. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses. Results: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR = 14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR = 9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December-January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38-2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98). Conclusions: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV.

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“…Acute respiratory infections are most often caused by viruses. In addition, two human polyomaviruses (HPyV), KIPyV and WUPyV, have been detected in patients with respiratory infections [91]. In addition, two human polyomaviruses (HPyV), KIPyV and WUPyV, have been detected in patients with respiratory infections [91].…”

Section: Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, viral respiratory infections are the cause of 30%-50% of pneumonia cases, 80% of asthma complications and 20%-60% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations [87]. The World Health Organization has supported the monitoring of acute respiratory diseases worldwide since 1977 [91]. The World Health Organization has supported the monitoring of acute respiratory diseases worldwide since 1977 [91].…”

Section: Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Compounds with 2-Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety Against Viral Infections

Şerban

2020

Molecules

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Viral infections have resulted in millions of victims in human history. Although great efforts have been made to find effective medication, there are still no drugs that truly cure viral infections. There are currently approximately 90 drugs approved for the treatment of human viral infections. As resistance toward available antiviral drugs has become a global threat to health, there is an intrinsic need to identify new scaffolds that are useful in discovering innovative, less toxic and highly active antiviral agents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological profile, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. This review provides an overview of the various synthetic compounds containing the 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety that has been evaluated for antiviral activity against several viral strains and could be considered possible prototypes for the development of new antiviral drugs.Molecules 2020, 25, 942 2 of 22 due to the ability of viruses to undergo rapid mutations, the mechanisms involved in developing resistance to antiviral drugs are activated in most cases [1,3]. As resistance toward antiviral drugs is becoming a global health threat, there is an intrinsic need to identify new scaffolds that are useful in discovering innovative, less toxic and highly active antiviral agents [3,6,7]. Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Thiadiazole Ring in Biology and Medicinal ChemistryNitrogen-containing heterocycles are widely distributed in nature and are essential in vegetal and animal metabolism. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, antibiotics, alkaloids, etc. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, nitrogen-containing heterocycles are important targets for medicinal chemistry, as they are found in more than half of the commercially available drugs and can also act as versatile intermediates in the synthesis of complex products that exhibit outstanding biological activities [15]. Most of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds exhibit better biological activity than non-nitrogen compounds [12,16,17]. Currently, there are approximately 90 drugs approved for use in the treatment of nine human viral infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Influenza virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human papillomavirus [18]. Most of these drugs (e.g., acyclovir, cidofovir, idoxuridine, nevirapine, pleconaril, ribavirin, etc.) are nitrogen heterocycle molecules [3,19].Five-membered aromatic systems with three heteroatoms at symmetrical positions, such as the 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring, have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological profile and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives are known as compounds having significant and diverse biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular [20], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [21,22], antidepr...

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Frequency of viral etiology in symptomatic adult upper respiratory tract infections

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China

Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China

The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009–2016

Synthetic Compounds with 2-Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety Against Viral Infections

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