Levels of the interleukins 17A, 22, and 23 and the S100 protein family in the gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic patients with or without periodontitis

Abstract

Background Psoriasis and periodontitis are immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Epidemiologic evidence has linked both; however, the change of markers in gingival crevicular fluid has been poorly evaluated. Objective To evaluate the levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 in gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic and healthy subjects with and without periodontitis and their relations to psoriasis severity. Methods Cross-sectional study. Sample comprised the following groups: healthy controls without periodontitis or with mild periodontitis (n = 21), healthy controls with moderate or severe periodontitis (n = 18), individuals with psoriasis without or mild periodontitis (n = 11), and individuals with psoriasis and moderate or severe periodontitis (n = 32). Levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, S100A8, and S100A9 were determined by multiplex assay and S100A7 was measured by ELISA. Results No inter-group differences in the levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, and S100A7 were found. S100A8 levels were higher in psoriatic patients than controls (p < 0.05). S100A8 was positively correlated with psoriasis severity in the group with psoriasis (p < 0.05). S100A9 exceeded the detection limits. Study limitations This pilot study presents a small sample size. Conclusions The concentrations of S100A8 were highest in psoriatic patients regardless of periodontal health/status. S100A8 was associated with the severity of psoriasis. The concentrations of interleukins and S100A7 were similar in psoriatic patients with or without periodontitis vs. healthy controls.

Role of Interleukin-17A in the Pathomechanisms of Periodontitis and Related Systemic Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

“…Jiménez et al. found that the total concentrations of IL-17A, IL-22 and IL-23 in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with PsO and moderate or severe periodontitis were increased compared with those in PsO patients with mild periodontitis or without periodontitis ( 99 ). At present, the therapeutic drugs for PsO have been developed from TNF-α inhibitors to IL-17A inhibitors.…”

Identification of IL-18 and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Novel Biomarkers of Psoriasis

“…All patients were examined by the same team of experts, as previously described [ 29 ]. Medical history and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and active smoking habit were recorded in predefined charts by dermatologists from the San José hospital staff.…”

“…GCF samples were collected at the deepest site per quadrant as previously described [ 29 ]. Selected sites were carefully isolated with cotton rolls and gently air-dried with an air syringe to prevent saliva contamination.…”

“…The GCF is used as a biological source of biomarkers to study periodontal and systemic diseases [ 27 , 28 ]. Recently, we reported downregulation of MMP-8 and overexpression of S100A8 in the GCF of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively, independent of the patient’s periodontal status, indicating that MMP-8 and S100A8 proteins could be used as diagnostic biomarkers of these diseases, respectively [ 29 , 30 ]. Therefore, we hypothesize that psoriasis can modify the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers in the GCF.…”

Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis, but Not from Porphyromonas endodontalis, Induces Macrophage M1 Profile

“…Although endodontic infections have a polymicrobial nature, black-pigmented bacteria, such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp., have been recognized as central agents in the development and progression of the lesion [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Among them, Porphyromonas endodontalis ( Pe ) and Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg ), stand out because of their high prevalence and virulence factors in AP [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”