Identification of IL-18 and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Novel Biomarkers of Psoriasis

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic immunoinflammatory skin disease. Although its diagnosis is clinical, differences in the appearance and severity of lesions pose a challenge for clinicians worldwide. The use of accessible biomarkers for psoriasis could aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. To date, evidence on the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) molecules as novel, accessible, and reliable biomarkers for psoriasis is limited. This cross-sectional study compared the GCF levels of IL-18, soluble (s)ICAM-1, and sE-selectin in psoriatic patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 39). Individuals with psoriasis not undergoing treatment and healthy individuals were included independent of periodontal status. GCF samples were collected, and a multiplex bead immunoassay was performed to quantify the levels of the target molecules. Psoriatic patients presented higher concentrations of IL-18 and lower concentrations of sE-selectin compared to controls (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the levels of sICAM-1 between the two groups (p > 0.05). Psoriasis was associated with IL-18 and E-selectin levels regardless of periodontal status, age, and smoking habit (p < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for IL-18 and sE-selectin were 0.77 and 0.68, respectively. In conclusion, IL-18 and sE-selectin levels in the GCF could be promising biomarker for psoriasis.

Interleukin-18 cytokine in immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity: Biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment

“…The stimulation of the human keratinocyte cell line - HaCaT with ultraviolet B radiation upregulated the production of IL-18 ( 198 ). Several studies have strongly indicated that IL-18 is a strong biomarker for clinical psoriasis symptoms ( 139 , 140 , 199 ). Overall, these data may indicate the potential role of IL-18 in psoriasis therapy.…”

MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients

“…Therefore, according to these studies, rosacea could cause changes in the composition of proteins in bodily fluids. Our group also reported that psoriasis and atopic dermatitis could influence the GCF’s concentrations of cytokines and MMP, respectively [ 25 , 36 ]. Since rosacea shares specific inflammation mechanisms with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis [ 37 , 38 ], we hypothesized that rosacea might also modify the protein composition in the GCF.…”

“…A trained lab analyst made the GCF analyses using pooled samples from each individual and prepared the specific elution by adding forty microliters of protein buffer solution to each tube. The dilutions were then incubated at 4 °C for thirty minutes and immediately centrifuged at 12,000× g for five minutes at the same temperature [ 36 ]. The procedure was repeated twice to optimize the isolation of proteins.…”

Association of Periodontitis and Atopic Dermatitis with the Levels of IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid

“…Volunteers diagnosed with AD and healthy controls (C) were conveniently enrolled between March and December 2018 at the International Center for Clinical Studies (CIEC) in Santiago, Chile, and the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry at UNAB in Santiago, Chile, respectively. Eligible subjects met the following inclusion criteria: (i) age over 18 years and (ii) possession of at least twelve functional teeth, excluding third molars [25,[64][65][66]. In accordance with the study design, the following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) individuals with systemic or dermatological disorders other than AD, especially those characterized by immunoinflammatory dysregulation (such as diabetes, lupus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others) [25,64], (ii) individuals who had received antibiotics, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory drugs within the past three months, (iii) patients who had undergone chemo-or radiotherapy in the previous twelve months, (iv) pregnant females, and (v) patients who had received treatment for AD or periodontitis in the last three months [25,64].…”