Berry fruits are rich in phytochemicals, including polyphenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and organic acids, which are known to have beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, functional constituents, and antioxidant activities of mulberry, black raspberry, raspberry, and blueberry cultivated in Korea. Acidity of the four berries ranged from 0.26% to 1.10%, and pH ranged from 3.3 to 5.2. Total mineral contents of the four berries ranged from 92.9 to 256.0 mg/100 g. Among the berries, mulberry contained the most abundant total free sugars, and glucose and fructose were the major sugars in the berries. Mulberry contained more than three times as much γ-aminobutyric acid as the content of the other berries. Blueberry contained more free phenolic acid than the other berries. Especially, chlorogenic acids were the major free phenolic acids in blueberry. Black raspberry had the highest amount of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among the berries and showed the highest antioxidant activity.
The aims of this study were to investigate some macrominerals (Na, Ca, P, K, Mg) in 207 beverages, 19 liquid teas, and 24 liquid coffees. The samples were digested by microwave and determinations of macrominerals were carried out by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The elements, listed in order of mean value of macromineral content, were potassium 208.4±298.2 mg/L (72.2±169.8 mg/container)> calcium 89.0±161.0 mg/L (26.0±57.7 mg/container)> sodium 71.2±75.0 mg/L (20.9±27.9 mg/container)> phosphorus 55.6±91.9 mg/L (17.9±33.8 mg/container)> magnesium 6.1±18.4 mg/L (2.4±10.1 mg/container). All 250 samples contained sodium and potassium, and the detection rate of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was 88.4%, 93.2%, and 20.4%. The mean ratio of phosphorus to calcium in beverages, liquid teas, and liquid coffees was 4.2±16.0 (ND~164.4), and sports drinks showed the highest mean ratio (48.5±75.6) significantly (p<0.05). In case of sodium, detected content exceeding labeling regulations (less then 120%) was observed in 12 samples (5.5%). Food class of food code for each food product.2)Food species of food code for each food product.3)The number of sample which were analyzed. 4) The number of sample which were labelled.
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