Nutritional composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) sprouts of the Otumsense variety were investigated to examine the sproutsí nutritional value. The most abundant mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were calcium, glutamic acid, and α-linolenic acid, respectively. The major free sugar of Otumsense sprouts was sucrose. The level of vitamin C, a natural antioxidant, was highest among other vitamins examined. The amount of total polyphenol was highest in the 40% ethanol extract. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity of the 40% ethanol extract was about 94% at a concentration of 1,000 µg/mL. Malondialdehyde inhibition by the extract increased in a dose-dependent manner (from 0 to 100 µg/mL). Intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation resulting from H 2 O 2 treatment of PC12 cells significantly reduced when the 40% ethanol extract was present in the media compared to that in PC12 cells treated with H 2 O 2 only.
Dapagliflozin is a recently developed oral anti-diabetic drug and SGLT2 inhibitor with well-known cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. Although a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate is induced by volume depletion and tubule-glomerular feedback during the early period after administering a SGLT2 inhibitor, the renal prognosis improves more with a decrease of proteinuria. However, the risk of acute kidney injury increases in heart failure and hypovolemia patients, and in those taking certain drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers, or diuretics. We report acute kidney injury after dapagliflozin administration in a diabetic patient with acute cerebral infarction accompanied by right hemiplegia, motor aphasia, and dysphagia.
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