The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, is native to eastern North America. It threatens the survival of apple trees by infesting shoots and roots, ultimately resulting in decreased apple production. The woolly apple aphid has spread to most apple鄄growing regions of the world and is now an important pest in apple production areas. The following control methods have been tested: chemical control, biological control, agrotechnical control and host plant resistance. However, chemical control causes resistance, residue and resurgence (the "3R冶 problem) , biological control is constrained by climate, and agrotechnical control wastes time and resources. Consequently, host plant resistance seems optimal because it is safe, effective and economically viable. Some studies have shown that physiological indices can indicate the insect resistance of a plant. To reveal the relationship between physiological indices in apples and resistance to
Apolygus lucorum Meyer鄄D俟r (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important type of pest, damaging various agricultural and forest crops such as cotton, fruits, and weeds. A. lucorum feeds on young buds, leaves, and various other tissues of host plants with its piercing and sucking mouthparts, and it is an important secondary insect pest in agricultural production in China. With the extensive cultivation of Bt cotton since 1997 in China, the wide鄄spread use of this insect鄄resistant cultivar has drastically reduced the need for insecticides to control many key lepidopteran pests. However, this reduction in insecticide use has led to increased population densities of various mirids, among which A. lucorum is considered as the most important pest in cotton production in northern China. The large鄄scale cultivation of fruits in recent years has provided
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