Physiological indices of leaves of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) damaged byApolygus lucorum

Abstract

Apolygus lucorum Meyer鄄D俟r (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important type of pest, damaging various agricultural and forest crops such as cotton, fruits, and weeds. A. lucorum feeds on young buds, leaves, and various other tissues of host plants with its piercing and sucking mouthparts, and it is an important secondary insect pest in agricultural production in China. With the extensive cultivation of Bt cotton since 1997 in China, the wide鄄spread use of this insect鄄resistant cultivar has drastically reduced the need for insecticides to control many key lepidopteran pests. However, this reduction in insecticide use has led to increased population densities of various mirids, among which A. lucorum is considered as the most important pest in cotton production in northern China. The large鄄scale cultivation of fruits in recent years has provided