The poverty alleviation relocation is an important part of targeted poverty alleviation effort. Vulnerability assessment provides a new idea for the study of the poverty alleviation relocation on livelihoods of rural households. By constructing the evaluation index system and assessment model, the Livelihood Vulnerability Index was adopted to measure the rural household's vulnerability degree. The differences between different types of rural household's livelihood vulnerability index and its dimensions were identified. The multiple linear regression model was selected to estimate the influence factors of the degree of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and livelihood vulnerability. The livelihood vulnerability index of infrastructural resettlement in survey area is unevenly distributed, the internal differentiation is obvious, and the livelihood vulnerability is relatively high, and the farmer households of various resettlement modes show a certain degree of vulnerability in their livelihood. The high-income farmers' livelihood vulnerability index is skewed, showing a relatively low equilibrium. With the increase in the diversification of farmers' livelihoods, from single households to multiple households, the sensitivity and adaptability tend to increase, while the two kinds of livelihoods of the households are the least. The risk shocks, credit possibilities and already relocation time as well as household size, family dependency ratio, education and trust in the surrounding people are all key factors that affect the livelihood vulnerability of poverty alleviation relocated rural households. In view of the differences and important influencing factors of the livelihood vulnerability of the relocation in the project area, the countermeasures and suggestions for the livelihood vulnerability of degradation were proposed.
Copper-catalyzed direct arylation of aromatic C-H bonds becomes an important method for the synthesis of biaryl compounds and also a highlight on organic and catalyst chemistry. The recent progress in copper-catalyzed direct arylation of aromatic C-H bonds is reviewed according to the different types of substrates or bond formation.
show that the interlayer bonding is fine and the gradient transition in the composition and the microstructure is realized. The gradient material consists of six composite layers and the total thickness is 1.5 mm. In the Ti+SiC transition layers, Ti and SiC react to produce TiC and Ti 5 Si 3 , and some Ti-rich phases are retained in the layers. In the ceramic composite layers, Ti, Si and C react to form Ti 5 Si 3 , TiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 . The microhardness gradually increases from the matrix, to the Ti connecting layer, the Ti+SiC transition layer and to the ceramic composite layer. The maximum value is 1 341 HV. The ternary Ti 3 SiC 2 in the outermost layer exhibits the evidently lower microhardness than TiC and Ti 5 Si 3 , which leads to a slight decrease in the microhardness of the composite layer. The fabricated gradient materials should exhibit superior heat-resistance due to the presence of refractory TiC, Ti 5 Si 3 and Ti 3 SiC 2 .
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