The development of
low-cost and high-performance electrocatalysts
for simultaneously boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER),
oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
is highly crucial but still challenging. Herein, a facile one-step
solid-phase polymerization and confined pyrolysis strategy is developed
for scalable synthesis of a Fe
x
P/Fe
3
C-based (
x
= 1, 2) heterojunction with controllable
iron phosphide crystal phases. By effective heterojunction interface
regulation, the strong synergic effect between FeP/Fe
3
C
and N- and P-codoped carbon (NPC) modified the electronic structure,
resulting in an excellent electrocatalytic performance for the HER,
OER, and ORR synchronously. Typically, the FeP/Fe
3
C@NPC
catalyst exhibits efficient HER activity with a low overpotential
of 10 mA cm
–2
for the HER (97 mV) and OER (440 mV)
and a high half-wave potential of 0.87 V for the ORR, as well as excellent
stability in alkaline media. Theoretical calculations demonstrated
that Fe
3
C can promote the activation of water molecules,
while FeP is beneficial to the removal of H
2
and the FeP/Fe
3
C heterojunction can facilitate both Volmer and Heyrovsky
steps in the HER process simultaneously. Moreover, FeP has a stronger
inhibitory effect on OH adsorption, revealing that the FeP/Fe
3
C heterojunction also shows a better promoting effect for
both the OER and ORR, respectively.