Podophyllotoxin is an important and much sought after antimitotic natural lead compound, since it paved the way for three hemisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin, e.g., etoposide, teniposide and etopophos, which are widely used as anticancer drugs and show good clinical effects against several types of neoplasms. Although the publication of the recent reviews by Gordaliza in 2004 and You in 2005, which covered the literatures concerning podophyllotoxin until the early part of 2003, there have been significant number of works carried out on podophyllotoxin recently. Therefore, this review presents up-to-date coverage of podophyllotoxin in regard to hemisynthesis, biosynthesis, biological activities, mode of action and structure-activity relationship.
The present review summarizes the current knowledge about acetylcholinesterase, its structure, function and biosynthesis, its inhibitors, and mode of action of inhibitors on it. Besides, the review also presents an overview about the resistance mechanism that the organisms develop due to the over-application of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) is an energy device that flexibly interchanges between electrical and chemical energy according to people's life and production needs. The development of cell materials affects the stability and cost of the cell, but also restricts its market-oriented development. After decades of research by scientists, a lot of achievements and progress have been made on RSOFC materials. According to the composition and requirements of each component of RSOFC, this article summarizes the research progress based on materials and discusses the merits and demerits of current cell materials in electrochemical performance. According to the efficiency of different materials in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC mode) and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC mode), the challenges encountered by RSOFC in the operation are evaluated, and the future development of RSOFC materials is boldly prospected.
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