The chemical composition of pollen and honey primarily depends on the botanical and geographical origin of the species, as well as other factors – climatic conditions, soil type, plant species, etc. The present study was to knowledge the biochemical profile of pollen, staminate catkins, and honey samples of Castanea sativa Mill. which were examined under conditions of Ukraine. Proteins are the major components of pollen and staminate catkins (169.0 ±1.60 g.kg-1 and 69.8 ±1.67 g.kg-1, respectively), while saccharides are predominant in honey samples (38.0 ±1.32 g.kg-1 fructose, 32.5 ±0.68 glucose g.kg−1 and 6.1 ±0.06 g.kg-1 sucrose). Glutamic acid (13.30 g.kg-1), aspartic acid (13.05 g.kg-1), and proline (12.45 g.kg-1) were predominant nonessential amino acids in the chestnut pollen. The content of macro and microelements was found in the pollen and staminate catkins much higher than in the honey. All Castanea sativa samples are a very valuable source of potassium as the main mineral element contained in pollen (7400 mg.kg-1), staminate catkins (7760 mg.kg-1), and honey (981 mg.kg-1). Microelements such as manganese and iron prevailed in pollen (478 mg.kg-1 Mn and 461 mg.kg-1 Fe), and staminate catkins (247 mg.kg-1 Mn and 109 mg.kg-1 Fe), and heavy metals (Hg, Sr, Sn, Sb, Li) are present only in the pollen samples with the most abundant Sr (12.8 mg.kg-1) and Sn (1.9 mg.kg-1) content and can be used as indicator suggesting the environmental pollution status in the region. Regarding the vitamin content, vitamin C was the most represented in all samples. Obtained results indicate that chestnut is species with important constituents such as amino acids and vitamins, with low content of heavy metals and high content of biogenic elements that may be used in phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

The content of anthocyanins and chalcones in a decorative small-fruited Apple trees and hybrids of Apple trees cultivars of Vydubetska plakucha from the collection of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine in the conditions of Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was investigated. The study was conducted during periods of active shoot growth and winter dormancy in connection with the adaptive capacity of plants. In the result of the study it was found that a decorative small-fruited Apple trees, that have purple color of leaves, contain a large number of anthocyanins, which cause the bright color. Based on the results of the analysis was found the highest content of anthocyanins in the cultivar Everest, and the lowest -in the cultivar John. Noted that the content of chalcones of the decorative purple hybrids of Apple trees of Vydubetska plakucha variety doesn't have such sharp differences as to the content of anthocyanins. This again confirms the fact that the purple color of the shoots is due to anthocyanins. It is also established that between the content of anthocyanins and chalcones in the shoots of Apple hybrids, cultivars of Vydubetska plakucha found a correlation. The correlation coefficient of 0.84. This suggests that anthocyanins and chalcones belong to the stress metabolites, the biosynthesis of which is activating during action on vegetable organism to adverse environmental factors, they can serve as biochemical markers of the level of adaptability of the species to stressful conditions. In addition, the description of the Vydubetska plakucha cultivars and hybrids with its participation in the collection of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine.Keywords: apple; forms; hybrids; cultivars; ornamental apple trees; anthocyanins; chalcones Вступ У другій половині ХХ ст. науковими співробітниками Національного ботанічного саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України (НБС) на території Видубицького Михайлівського монастиря, який розташований поряд із НБС, було знайдено сорт яблуні, який назвали ῾Видубицька плакуча̓ , цікавий, з оригінальною плакучою формою крони. Виявилося, що ознака «плакучість» зберігається і при щепленні на штамб. Аби дослідити як передається форма крони при

Old and local varieties of cultivated plant species selected from natural populations adapted to long-term cultivation, which represent a rich genetic potential for the development of agroecosystems and agriculture under specific conditions, resources for an environment aestheticization, landscaping and development of cultural traditions. The research focused on determining the economic value of a selected collection of old and local varieties of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.), widespread in Slovakia for their practical use in organic farming or as genetic resources for breeding new varieties for organic food production. For experimental evaluation, we used two collections: 1) 73 old and local varieties of apple trees concentrated and preserved ex situ in a clone repository in the village Bacúch; 2) 77 self-sown seedlings, that spontaneously emerged as a result of free pollination and are growing in situ around Nitra,

Crabapples (Malus spp.) are frequently used as ornamental trees. However, selections differ in decorative impact through blossoming and fruiting traits, growth habit, disease tolerance, ecological adaptability and fruit litter, so that there can be other valuable benefits. The aim of the present investigation was to determine morphometric characteristics of flowers, fruits and seeds within 15 different genotypes of crabapples studied at M.M. Grishko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv, Ukraine. Their main morphometric parameters were as follows: the highest number of flowers in the inflorescence was recorded within trees of ‘Professor Sprenger’ with 5.78 flowers, whereas the corolla was mostly decorative for ‘Royalty’ cultivar, with 5.7 petals; fruit weight varied from 1.49 g (‘Adirondak’) to 20.56 g (‘Era’), length from 12.87 mm (‘Van Ezeltine’) to 25.11 mm (‘Ola’), diameter from 12.0 mm (‘Batterball’) to 26.74 mm (‘Rayka Rozeva’), fruits number 1.0 (‘Era’) to 5.5 (‘Evereste’). The relationships between flowers, fruit and seed traits, accounting 16 traits and 15 cultivars investigated was highlighted by Pearson correlation and were clustered by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The variability observed in the apple crab genotypes offers the possibility to choose and use some valuable ornamental cultivars for the beautification of the landscape, as well as for possible future Malus breeding projects.

Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid. less known plant species in the Ukraine conditions, but the fruits were widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma, colds, sore throat, mastitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. The content of protein, ash, and lipids in the seeds was found to be greater than in the pulp and peel. Monosaccharide analysis of neutral carbohydrate part showed the presence of two main sugars fructose and sucrose in the seeds, pulp, and peel. There is a higher beta-carotene content in the rind of the fruit than in the seeds and pulp. The total amount of fatty acids varied from sample to sample and contained mainly oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. Linoleic acid in the seeds was 48.02% of total fatty acids, slightly less in the rind 42.70%. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in the pulp samples were 45.38, 21.32, and 14.93%, respectively. The total amount of amino acids found in the seeds was 105.0 g.kg-1 DM, including total essential amino acids (32.70 g.kg-1 DM). Glutamic acid was found in seeds to be the dominant free amino acid followed by aspartic acid and arginine in the seed. In our study, the antioxidant activity carried out by the DPPH method and measured by molybdenum reducing antioxidant power of peel, pulp and seeds were 9.41, 7.08, 6.21, and 158.81, 92.83, 78.58 mg TEAC.g-1 DM, respectively. Micro and macronutrients and amino acids predominated in the seeds, total fatty acids predominated in the pulp. The highest content of bioactive compounds (total polyphenols, flavonoid, and phenolic acid) and antioxidant activity was found in the peel. P. sinensis can be considered as a nourishing fruit with a copious potential with health-promoting roles and medicinal properties.

The most important indicator of adaptability cultivar is the winter hardiness of wood. In adverse conditions of autumn-winter period trees of many cultivars may be severely damaged and even die. At the same time, in the process of evolution, a system of adaptive reactions is formed that are associated with a deep change in metabolism and is determined by the speed and depth of its change without violating the consistency between individual functions, so that the unity of the organism and the environment is not violated. This, ultimately, determines the vital activity of the body and its endurance. At this stage of the study, it is shown how plants react to lower temperatures by changing the color of sprouts and accumulating anthocyanins. The aim of the work was to determine the winter hardiness of different cultivars of fruit plants based on physiological processes. Cultivars Malus domestica 'Era' and M. domestica 'Vydubytska plakucha' were isolated in the presence of the largest accumulation of secondary metabolites in their generative organs – 378.18–273.33 mg/100 g of dry matter, that is, they are the most plastic before adapting to abiotic factors. The Ribes uva-crispa 'Hamamekii' and Viburnum opulus genotypes with the lowest overall quantity of anthocyanins were 75.79–67.37 mg/100 g of dry matter. Based on the results of the analysis found that the highest content of anthocyanins in the cultivar Everest, and the lowest – cultivar John.

The article describes changes in the structure, leaves, (including mesophyll structure, structure of the midrib, distribution of stomata, and the number of vascular bundles) in Malus during the growing season (from June to August) under the influence of prolonged drought. The leaves anatomy and morphology were investigated by methods of light and scanning electron microscopy. The study was carried out on four representatives of the genus Malus: M. niedzwetzkyana Borkh., M. baccata ‘Pendula’, M. domestica ‘Eliza Rathke’, M. domestica ‘Renet Simirenko’. The influence of drought on the size of the mesophyll of the leaf plate and the number of stomata along the stretch from June to August was studied. The cell circumference of the sclerenchyma ranged from μm in 27.33 (M. niedzwetzkyana) to 81.92 μm (in M. domestica ‘Elise Rathke’). The number of stomata varied from 214.0 units in (M. domestica ‘Renet Simirenko’) to 304.0 units in (M. baccata ‘Pendula’), length from 11.6 μm (M. baccata ‘Pendula’) to 28.63 μm (M. domestica ‘Elise Rathke’), width from 9.4 μm (M. domestica ‘Elise Rathke’) up to 21.8 μm (M. domestica ‘Elise Rathke’) μm. The length of the trichomes varied from 409.92 μm (M. domestica ‘Renet Simirenko’) to 745.09 μm (M. niedzwetzkyana). Also, the anocytic stomatal type, the number, different stomata and trichomes, the presence of wax on the cuticle, and the found druses of calcium oxalate in M. baccata ‘Pendula’, can be important for systematic phylogeny. Thanks to these studies, it is possible to suggest physiological adaptability of apple trees to prolonged drought, as well as to identify more resistant phenotypes for the breeding process to develop resistant cultivars.

Національний лісотехнічний університет УкраїниЗбірник науково-технічних праць 64 періоду. Перебіг фенологічних фаз зумовлюється періодичністю фізіологічних процесів у рослинах, які постійно перебувають у тісному зв'язку зі змінами абіотичних факторів навколишнього середовища. Відтак, пристосовуючись до погодних умов, рослини здатні змінювати динаміку ритмів росту та розвитку, що, водночас, призводить до зміни настання тих чи інших фенологічних фаз.Висновки. Проведені дослідження свідчать, що температура повітря є основним фактором, який безпосередньо впливає на механізми, що регулюють ростові процеси. Спостережено, що розпускання бруньок, в середньому, відбувалося за середньодобової температури повітря +5-7°С і нагромадження суми ефективних температур від 67-102 у Persica davidiana до 114-169 у Persica vulgaris, що припадає на І-III декаду квітня. Початок масового квітування Persica настає за температури не нижчої +10-15°С у період з II по III декаду квітня та суми ефективних температур від 141-169 для Persica davidiana до 163-211 для представників Persica vulgaris.Ріст пагонів персика в умовах Лісостепової зони починався відразу після встановлення середньодобової температури +15 і закінчувався, в основному, наприкінці серпняна початку вересня. Сума ефективних температур при цьому становить 2639-2732. Достигання ранньостиглих плодів починається наприкінці червня за суми ефективних температур 1250-1446. Більшість сортів середнього та пізнього термінів достигання потребує значно вищої температури від 1451 до 2152. Встановлено, що погодно-кліматичні умови Лісостепової зони є сприятливим для вирощування персика. Література