Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of live antibody-coated spermatozoa subjected to immunofluorescence staining (FCM test) is considered an objective method for the quantitative detection of antisperm antibodies (ASA). But the cross-linking of cell surface antigen (Ag) with bivalent antibodies and/or antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes with second antibodies may induce the reorganization of surface components (patching and capping) and result in their shedding from the sperm surface. The present study estimates the relationship between aggregation of Ag-Ab complexes on the sperm surface and the results of indirect FCM test. Swim-up spermatozoa of normozoospermic men were incubated with ASA-positive sera from infertile patients and with second antibodies fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled goat anti-human IgG polyclonal antiserum under different conditions and then analysed by FCM and fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that low temperature, cytochalasin B, excess or lack of the primary and/or secondary antibodies and sperm fixation by paraformaldehyde may inhibit aggregation and shedding of Ag-Ab complexes and dramatically increase ASA quantity determined on the sperm surface. However, inhibition of aggregation on the live sperm surface was observed only in a minority of ASA-positive samples and was poorly reproducible using semen of different donors. A high probability of Ag-Ab complex shedding from the sperm surface during experimental manipulation limits the use of indirect FCM test for quantitative ASA determination.
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the application of mixtures containing various combinations of humic substances, with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, in weed control and optimizing the plant nutrition system. We also aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on winter wheat productivity. Five Ukrainian winter wheat cultivars (‘Kryzhynka,’ ‘Smuhlyanka,’ ‘Slavna,’ ‘Kubus,’ and ‘Mulan’) were sown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in the years 2014–2019. The analysis of the effect of the compositions containing herbicides, with various physiologically active substances, in a mixture with humic preparations (Humifield, 4R Foliar concentrate) was performed by counting weeds per square meter in each experimental plot. The best performance in weed control, including perennial species, was obtained from using a mixture of Grodil Maxi herbicide with the humic preparation, Humifield. The crop treatment of this mixture resulted in a 23.6% reduction in weeds, compared to the treatment with the Grodil Maxi herbicide only. At the same time, the complex application of a number of herbicides in a mixture with the humic preparation, 4R Foliar concentrate led to the opposite effect. Various applications of mixtures of humates (4R Foliar concentrate, 5R SoilBoost) with nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate; carbamide-ammonium mixture) to optimize the winter wheat nutritional system and yield increases have been studied. The highest yield increase of 20%–22% was harvested in the plots treated with 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate plus ammonium nitrate. In addition, the efficacy of wheat crop foliar feeding with mixtures of humates, plus a carbamide-ammonia mixture, in different phases of vegetation has been established. A yield increase of 10.0%–21.4% resulting from the use of such compositions was obtained.
<p>An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m<sup>-2</sup> was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m<sup>-2</sup> for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m<sup>-2</sup> for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.</p>
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of the treatment of localized cancers, based on a photochemical reaction between a light-activated molecule or photosensitizer (PS), light, and molecular oxygen. Correct choice of PS is of fundamental importance for PDT efficacy. Despite numerous studies in this field, most known PS have some drawbacks, e.g. lack of specificity and aggregation in aqueous media. Consequently, the search for an ideal PS is essential for further development of PDT. Here we review classification and analyse main features of different generations of PS and describe the mechanisms of their action. Various methods of targeted delivery of PS to tumor cells are discussed. The advantages of PS nanoparticles with the effect of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) over the classic photosensitizers are presented. A possibility of practical application of such light-emitting structures in cancer phototherapy is shown. K e y w o r d s: photodynamic therapy (PDT), photosensitizer, aggregation-induced emission ABBrEVIATIONS AEMA -2-aminoethyl methacrylate ALA -5-aminolevulinic acid AlPc -aluminum-phthalocyanine chloride AlPcS4 -aluminium-phthalocyanine tetrasulphonated (Photosens) AlS2Pc -disulfonated phthalocyanine BDP -borondipyrromethene BHQ3 -black hole quencher3 BSA -bovine serum albumin c(rGDfc) -Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Cys cyclicpeptide crGD -cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid DCF-DA -dichlorofluoresceindiacetate DMSO -Dimethylsulfoxide DPBA-TPE -(3,3'-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(4bromophenyl)acrylonitrile)-tetraphenylethene DSPE-PEG-Mal -1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)] DTPEBBTD -Donor-tetraphenylethene-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) Fr/NIr -far-red/ near-infrared GFLG -Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-peptide HPMA -N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide m-THPP -meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (Foscan)
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