Staphylococci are capable of penetrating many hu man tissues and organs, causing superficial and deep purulent infections, respiratory and urinary tract in fections, food poisoning and intoxication. Last years, coagulasenegative staphylococci were the cause of infection in many cases. Infectious agents, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis, were detected more often as nosocomial infections. A particular danger of these infections is a high virulence and pathogenicity of bacterial strains and their resistance to various anti biotics. Methicillinresistant staphylococci are espe cially difficult to treat. The correct identification of staphylococci and their sensitivity to antibiotics are important for clinical diagnosis and appointment of adequate drug therapy. Rapid and accurate identifica tion of Staphylococcus species and detection of their sensitivity to antibiotics is quite important. The aim of this study was to study staphylococci isolated in Novo sibirsk from human, animal and environmental sam ples. A collection of 100 staphylococcus strains was analyzed. Staphylococcus species were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Eleven staphylococcus species were identified. Among the strains obtained from hospitalized patients, Staphylococcus aure us do Стафилококки способны поражать практически любые органы и ткани организма человека, вызывая поверхностные и глубокие гнойные инфекции, поражения дыхательных и мочевыводящих пу тей, а также провоцировать пищевые отравления и интоксикации. В последние годы участились случаи заболеваний, возбудителями которых оказываются коагулазонегативные стафилококки. Такие виды, как Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticusb и Staphylococcus hominis значительно чаще выявляются при внутри больничных инфекциях. Особая опасность этих патогенов заклю чается в повышенной вирулентности и патогенности штаммов, а также в их частой устойчивости к различным антибиотикам. Осо бенно трудно поддаются лечению заболевания, вызванные мети циллинрезистентными стафилококками. Правильная идентифика ция стафилококков и их чувствительности к антибиотикам важна для постановки клинического диагноза и назначения адекватной лекарственной терапии. В связи с этим востребованы методы бы строго и точного определения видов стафилококков для оценки их патогенных свойств и наличия метициллинрезистентности. Цель данного исследования -характеризация стафилококков, в том числе и по устойчивости к антибиотикам, изолированных в г. Новосибирске из образцов, полученных от людей, животных и из окружающей среды. Проанализирована коллекция из 100 штам мов стафилококков. Видовая идентификация стафилококков про ведена по результатам секвенирования гена 16S рРНК. Выявлено 11 видов стафилококков. Среди штаммов, полученных от больных из стационаров, доминировали Staphylococcus aureus (79.1 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis составили около 12.5 %. Среди внебольнич ных штаммов S. aureus и S. epidermidis выделены примерно в рав ных соотношениях. Обнаружение к...
The antagonistic activity of lactobacilli in the intestine in relation to various enteropathogenic microorganisms can vary within wide limits, including depending on the species composition of the lactobiota of the intestine. The purpose of this work was to determine the antagonistic activity of representatives of the order Lactobacillales isolated from chickens in poultry farms with different levels of Salmonella infection. The test object was the chickens of the parent herd and broiler chickens of crosses Ross 308 and Hubbard F - 15 from five poultry farms. Three poultry farms were characterized by a low level of salmonella infection in birds (less than 5% for cloacal swabs in PCR and the absence of salmonella isolation from food products). Two poultry farms were characterized by a high level of Salmonella infection (poultry infection by cloacal swabs of more than 10% and official salmonellosis disadvantage due to isolation of Salmonella cultures in food products). The level of infection was evaluated by real-time PCR after preliminary subculture of cloacal swabs on Shadler’s broth. The antagonistic activity of lactobacilli and related bacterial species isolated from the same chickens was carried out in co-cultivation tests on the Shadler broth with subsequent identification of salmonella on the RVS broth. Poultry farms with low Salmonella infection were characterized by the presence of L. reuteri as a major component of intestinal lactobiota and had a higher antagonistic activity against more Salmonella cultures (odds ratio (OR) 17.33 (CI 95 = 5.99-50.07776))
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.
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