The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to study the global trends of e-commerce as a complex form of economic relations and to provide its diagnostics based on key performance indicators, as well as to substantiate the strategic guidelines for e-commerce development in Ukraine and the world. Analyses results. E-commerce has become an integral part of the economy since the birth of the Internet and the active digitalization of modern life and business processes. The COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine restrictions have led to the active growth of e-commerce in the world, as well as the development of forms and methods of its realization. During 2019-2020, the number of sellers and buyers who enjoy benefits from online transactions has significantly increased. Business processes in e-commerce are characterized by an increased level of innovation, but also increased risk and uncertainty. The Internet access is spreading rapidly around the world, with the number of e-commerce entities increasing. In 2020, more than two billion people bought goods or services online, and global e-retail sales exceeded $ 4.28 trillion. The expected figure for 2021 is $ 4.5 trillion. More than 40% of the world's retail online sales are made through Amazon network, and its subsidiary Amazon Web Service is the world leader in online services. In terms of GMV, Amazon (USA) ranks third after China. Taobao and Tmall platforms, managed by Alibaba Group, are leaders in online commerce in Asia and the world. In addition to the main key performance indicators of digital technologies, such as bounce rate, page time and conversion rate, the following indicators were used for diagnostics: time spent per page; the share of unseen content; site pages scroll rate. Another important trend in e-commerce is the spread of mobile commerce, i.e. the use of mobile devices to search for goods and services and make online transactions. Mobile phones account for the bulk of online traffic in all industries, and in 2020, 64% of Internet traffic came from smart phones. The e-commerce effectiveness indicator is the failure rate – the share of transactions not finalized by making an order and payment, i.e. the percentage of "abandoned baskets". The average industry-wide failure rate has not changed since 2019 and was 47% in 2020. Choosing a reliable platform and e-commerce payment system is an important aspect of doing business online as it reduces bounce rates. The time spent on the page is an indicator of the site visitors' satisfaction with the available content or their interest in the information. On average, a user spends a little less than a minute (54 seconds) on each page during their visit. The “Unseen content share” is the ratio of information that is not viewed to the total amount of information on the site. In 2020, it was discovered that 45% of all content is not seen by visitors in all industries. The page scroll rate in 2020 was 56.8%. Therefore, a large number of page views is not enough, the pages should be optimized so that users do not stop at half the page and do not skip content that can be valuable. The indicator that has the biggest impact on a business final performance is the conversion rate. The average conversion rate is 1.82%. The decline in e-commerce conversions in 2020 as compared to the previous period is due to the effects of the Covid-19 crisis: decreased consumer demand, lower consumer incomes, increased uncertainty. Conclusions and directions for further research. The main trends and problems of e-commerce in the world are identified and strategic guidelines for the future are presented, including: development of mobile commerce; wider use of the Online to Offline business model; development of electronic payment systems; supporting multichannel operations; personalization in digital marketing; increasing brand awareness; providing better quality information for customers; active promotion of innovations in e-commerce. The obtained scientific results can be applied in practice to optimize the work of online stores and to reduce costs by increasing the e-commerce efficiency. Further research in this area will address the rationale for e-commerce marketing strategy.
The phenomenon of economic crisis, of course, is unpleasant and has a destructive effect on the economic and social life of society. The article describes the causes and consequences of the major crises of the world economy of the XIX–XXI centuries. Among the most common causes of economic downturns is the excess of investment or consumption in one or more sectors of the economy. At the same time, the consequences of these economic downturns were the advanced development of industry and a new round of machine invention in the XIX century, the failure of the gold and currency standard in the XX century and the reorientation of financial flows from speculative assets to others, including raw materials and energy in the nineteenth century. The new global crisis unfolds new challenges for the world community and the search for new ways out of it. The current pandemic has been marked by a particularly rapid and large-scale decline in demand and oil prices as a result of the sudden cessation of economic activity. Demand and prices for other goods show a smaller decline, as they are less affected by quarantine measures. However, as the pandemic continues and the economic downturn deepens, it is also possible to reduce demand and prices for metals. The impact of the 2020 economic downturn on the economy may persist for a long time. The deepening crisis may reduce the demand for industrial goods. The global financial crisis of 2020, caused by the outbreak of influenza COVID-19 may lead to long-term changes in global commodity markets. Increased transportation costs. Opportunities for the national producer. Growth of substitution among goods. Changing consumer behavior. After, a large number of workers can continue to work remotely, which can reduce transportation costs and demand for fuel. Businesses can cut back on travel abroad and use video conferencing and other remote alternatives. As a result, environmental pollution will be reduce. Further changes in society's behavior may lead to a shift in the structure of demand for goods. Increasing teleworking can reduce the demand for travel and oil. Reducing oil consumption will also provide environmental benefits.
The aim of the article. In relation to the introduction of quarantine restrictions and an emergency situation to counteract COVID-19, there are potential prospects for the development of online retail in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to study the main problems, disadvantages and advantages of e-commerce and highlight further trends in retail development through the use of Internet resources. The results of the analysis. The development of e-commerce is based on attracting more and more users to the Internet, so it is not surprising that the part of turnover from e-commerce in GDP and the part of e-component in retail correlates with the Internet penetration rate, the part of the population aged 14 to 74 that are regular Internet users. Thus, in the leading countries of Western Europe, this figure is approaching 100%, while in Ukraine it is only about 63%. In the course of an investigation we identified the role and positive impact of domestic marketplaces on the development of E-commerce in various segments of the economy. Marketplaces, which are a kind of platform for uniting different sellers and buyers by interests, give impetus to the growth of positive dynamics of supply and demand, sales of goods and services, in fact, without leaving home - for consumers, and without spending significant rental costs offline stores - for sellers. The positive gradation of e-commerce growth has been affected by quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the need for self-isolation and social distancing, temporary suspension of offline shops of non-food products and establishments in various fields of services (entertainment centers, catering establishments) on the basis of government requirements, resulted not only in increasing the popularity of existing marketplaces and social networks, but forced many retailers to start or develop existing online stores alongside traditional sale outlets. The advantages of e-commerce are determined: speed and availability of obtaining information about the product, its price, characteristics; efficiency and convenience of trade operations; reduction of operating costs; ensuring long-term communications with customers; development of Internet marketing through a possible variety of tools used; the possibility of using modern analytical tools to study the market and evaluate the effectiveness of marketing activities; increasing openness to consumers and increasing their loyalty. The main disadvantages of E-commerce are highlighted as insufficient security of consumer data and unreliable payment systems; quality of communication and service; instability of the national currency; imperfect legal framework; high delivery prices. All these problems have their basis and depend on many factors, first of all - on the level of sustainable development of the economy as a whole. Conclusions and direction for further research. Despite of the challenges of the time, the urgent needs of consumers in goods and services, e-commerce currently has a positive development trend and considerable prospects for further expansion of the market. The development of e-commerce should take place with the simultaneous simplification and regulation of ways to consolidate legal relations of contractors, methods and models of promotion of goods and services over the Internet, which clearly requires additional research. Key words: E-commerce, online retail, internet economy, marketplace, COVID-19.
Стаття присвячена вивченню еколого-економічних наслідків російсько-української війни. Проаналізовано та систематизовано основні фактори, що впливають на економіку та екологію України під час війни проти росії. У статті наведено приклад іноземного досвіду екологічного та економічного впливу на державу та світ під час військових дій. Проаналізовано та описано вплив побудови та утримання військових сил на споживання ресурсів. Вивчено факти екологічних злочинів окупаційних військ на території України та їх наслідки у довгостроковій перспективі. Визначено основні чинники впливу на екологічну ситуацію під час війни. Описані ключові можливі наслідки для економіки України. Наведені дані про кількість пошкодженої житлової та іншої інфраструктури, статистичні дані по кількості підприємств, що на даний час зупинили свою роботу.
Сак Тетяна, кандидат економічних наук, доцент, кафедра економіки, безпеки та інноваційної діяльності підприємства, Східноєвропейський національний університет імені Лесі Українки, м. Луцьк; ORCID ID 0000-0002-7202-3426 e-mail: tetianasak@gmail.com Ющишина Лариса, кандидат економічних наук, доцент, кафедра економіки, безпеки та інноваційної діяльності підприємства, Східноєвропейський національний університет імені Лесі Українки, м.Луцьк; ORCID ID 0000-0001-8926-7577 В статті доведено наявність різних видів кризового стану на більшості вітчизняних підприємств. Розглянуто теоретичні та методичні основи антикризового управління в умовах забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено механізм антикризового управління, визначено мету, послідовність етапів та очікуваний результат ефективного управління. Систематизовано чинники виникнення кризи на підприємстві. Наведено принципи ефективного антикризового управління в умовах забезпечення економічної безпеки. Визначено модель поведінки та антикризові заходи для відновлення безпечного розвитку в залежності від рівня кризового стану. Особливу увагу приділено дослідженню особливостей розробки та реалізації антикризових стратегій підприємства. Ключові слова: криза, антикризове управління, економічна безпека, загрози, механізм, антикризова стратегія. Сак Татьяна, кандидат экономических наук, доцент, кафедра экономики, безопасности и инновационной деятельности предприятия, Восточноевропейский национальный университет имени Леси Украинки, г. Луцк; ORCID ID 0000-0002-7202-3426 e-mail: tetianasak@gmail.com Ющишина Лариса, кандидат економических наук, доцент, каферда экономики, безопасности и инновационной деятельности предприятия, Восточноевропейский национальный университет имени Леси Украинки, г. Луцк; ORCID ID 0000-0001-8926-7577 e-mail: larysa.yushchyshyna@gmail.com МЕХАНИЗМ АНТИКРИЗИСНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В статье доказано наличие разных видов кризисного состояния на большинстве отечественных предприятий. Рассмотрены теоретические и методические основы антикризисного управления в условиях обеспечения экономической безопасности предприятия. Исследован механизм антикризисного управления, определенно цель, последовательность этапов и ожидаемый результат эффективного управления. РОЗДІЛ ІІІ. Економіка та управління підприємствами.2, 2019 67 Систематизированы факторы возникновения кризиса на предприятии. Приведены принципы эффективного антикризисного управления в условиях обеспечения экономической безопасности. Определена модель поведения и антикризисные мероприятия для возобновления безопасного развития в зависимости от уровня кризисного состояния. Особенное внимание уделено исследованию особенностей разработки и реализации антикризисных стратегий предприятия. Ключевые слова: кризис, антикризисное управление, экономическая безопасность, угрозы, механизм, антикризисная стратегия.
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