Aim. The aim of this work was to develop heterosis models of corn hybrids FAO 150–490 for irrigation conditions. A morpho-physiological model was developed and the FAO 150–490 corn hybrids were created on its basis for irrigation conditions of the South of Ukraine with grain yield 11–17 t/ha. Methods. The general scientific, special selection genetic, computational and comparative research methods were used. Results. The results of multi- years research for morpho-physiological and heterozyotic models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups within the conditions of irrigation were presented. The main parameters of models of maize hybrids of different FAO groups are determined. The parameters of heterozosis models are determined and the lines with high combining ability were created, which are involved in the pedigree of early-ripening, early ripe medium group, mid-ripening, middle-late and late maturity groups of newly created hybrids. These hybrids have not shown the yield increase during the optimization technology for grain growing. There were defined corn hybrids intensive type which provide grain yield of 15–17 t/ha. Conclusions. There were created new innovative FAO corn hybrids 150–600 for irrigation conditions, which are possessing a complex of economic complex and valuable features which are able to form high yields during the irrigation (11–17 t/ha). The morpho-biological features that determine grain yield are steadily implemented only at high soil fertility. For this reason the selection phenotype is reliable only in favorable conditions. The differentiating ability of the environment within a high soil fertility is more than in close-extreme conditions.
Keywords: corn, maize, model, hybrid, irrigation, group maturity, yield.
Purpose and objectives. Our purpose was to determine biometric indicators and seed yields of parents of modern domestic maize hybrids belonging to different ripeness groups, grown at various plant densities on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe and treated with biologicals; to evaluate the relationships between the plant height and the attachment height of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yield in the lines - parents of hybrids.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the experimental field the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS located in the area of Inhuletkyi irrigation system in 2018–2020. The soil in the experimental site is dark-chestnut, medium loamy, slightly alkalinized, with deep groundwater levels.
The design of a three-factor experiment was randomized split blocks, in quadruplicate. The sown plot area was 30.0 m2; the record area was 20.0 m2.
Factor A – lines-parents of different ripeness groups: DK 445 (parent of hybrids Arabat, Vira, Hileia), DK 411 (parent of hybrids Chonhar, Lamasan), DK 281 (parent of hybrid Stepovyi), and DK 247 (parent of hybrid Skadovskyi). Factor B – plant density of the parents (70,000, 80,000 and 90,000 plants/ha). Factor C – treatment of the parents with biologicals: Bio-gel and Helafit combi, which are in the Permitted Pesticide Register.
Results and discussion. Biometric indicators and seed yield of parental components of modern domestic maize hybrids of different maturity groups, at different plant densities and treatment with biological products on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe have been established. The relationship between plant height and the height of attachment of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yield of the lines of the parent components of hybrids was determined. Studies have shown that treatment of maize plants with biological products has a positive effect on plant height, height of attachment of the cob and the yield of the parent forms of maize hybrids. Early-maturing line DK 281 (FAO 190) showed the maximum yield at densities of 90 thousand g/ha and treatment with the drug Helafit combi – 3.65 t/ha. The middle-early line DK 247 (FAO 290) showed the maximum yield at densities of 80 thousand g/ha and treatment with Helafit combi – 4.65 t/ha. Mid-late lines DK 445 and DK 411 showed the maximum yield at densities of 70 thousand g/ha and treatment with Helafit combi – 6.30 t/ha and 4.65 t/ha, respectively.
Conclusions. Biometric indicators and seed yields of parents of modern domestic maize hybrids of different ripeness groups grown at various plant densities on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe and treated with biologicals have been determined. The relationships between the plant height and the attachment height of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yields in the lines -parents of hybrids have been established
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