K ALANTARIDIS C., S LAVA S. and S OCHKA K. (2003) Globalization processes in the clothing industry of Transcarpathia, Western Ukraine, Reg. Studies 37 , 173-186. This paper sets out to examine the integration of a region undergoing a process of post-socialist transformation in the global marketplace. In doing so it draws upon the experience of the clothing industry in Transcarpathia, Western Ukraine. The findings of extensive fieldwork investigation suggest that, during the mid 1990s, sub-contracting linkages were established through intermediaries located in economies, which achieved significant advances in the process of transformation (such as Hungary and Slovakia), between local manufacturers and parent enterprises abroad. The role of the mediators was subsequently diminished, partly due to the adoption of greater commitment strategies by some parent enterprises and the emergence of local mediators and a handful of entrepreneurial manufacturers. This led to the formation of complex networks of production and role differentiation among local and global economic agents. The resulting recovery in the employment provided by the industry to some 60% of the pre-1991 levels constitutes a rare success story in the regional context. However, there are serious concerns about the long-term viability of this pattern of growth.Globalization, Post-socialist Transformation, Clothing Industry, Ukraine,
This paper represents a research response to the current vision on transformations regarding the capacity building of smart cities focused towards sustainability, by addressing the knowledge based urban development and collaborative tools that support the development, dissemination, and use of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to develop a collaborative pattern of knowledge networking, focusing on sustainability goals within a smart city concept, using the logic of the Complex Adaptive System (CAS). The study was carried out in an innovation cluster in Romania; the Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used as a tool to perform the study. The results of this analysis, due to the suggested networking, have led to delimitation of the roles that Groups of Competences play to enhance the sustainability of smart cities in areas where the use of knowledge has the greatest impact. Results show that the success of the smart solutions’ implementation depends on how the social and competence structures of the network are shaped and whether it permanently adapts to fit the sustainability objectives in the considered areas.
Since the publication of Gereffi's (1994) pioneering work, the global commodity chain (GCC) approach has acquired a dominant position in the study of globalisation and industrial organisation. It provided researchers with useful insights into the reconfiguration of industrial dynamics in increasingly integrated networks of production and distribution. These insights have been used to inform policy making by transnational organisations such as the IMF (2004), UNCTAD (2003;, the World Bank (2004), and the OECD (2004). As is always the case with approaches that dominate the research and policy agenda, GCCs have been the focus of intense scrutiny (Coe et al, 2004;Henderson et al, 2002;Hughes, 2000;Raikes et al, 2000). Among the plethora of critiques, Smith et al ( 2002) advanced the thesis that there is``a tendency to neglect the dynamics and fluidity of organisational forms in GCC analysis ... [and] [t]here is consequently little detailed analysis of complexity in either intra-or interorganisational relations'' (page 49). Advocates of the GCC approach acknowledged the importance of the difficulties created by the relatively high level of abstraction of early works and provided a number of correctives (Gereffi and Meyer, 2004;Gereffi et al, 2005). However, questions remain (discussed in detail in the following section) about the ability of GCC, an approach pursuing patterns and regularities, not only to develop the appropriate analytical tools but also to ask a whole new set of questions in order to decipher complex and evolving organisational forms.This constitutes the point of departure of our paper. We set out to explore the microdynamics of industrial change. The enterprise is the subject at the heart of our inquiry, whilst deciphering the process of establishing and maintaining relationships that cut across national boundaries constitutes our main research issue. In doing so, we deploy an analytical framework which originates from economic sociology and,
The general features of functioning and adaptation of hotel enterprises of Zakarpattia region in the conditions of pandemic are investigated in the article. Revealed the issues and relevance of the selected topic, which relate to the impact on global, regional and local economic processes of the fact of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Were analyzed the available publications of Ukrainian and foreign authors on related topics, concerning the vision of the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of the labor market of Ukraine, reaction and adaptation of education systems of different countries to the consequences of lockdown, assessments of the general problems of the hotel industry that have arisen in the process of spreading the global pandemic, the role of business innovation applied by hospitality companies during the COVID-19 crisis. The dynamics of the distribution of tourist flows in the Transcarpathian region during 2000-2019, ie in the precoronavirus stage, this allows us to identify the main trends that dominated in the field of hospitality. On the basis of a questionnaire developed and conducted by the authors, the partial results of certain aspects of scientific research are formed. The adaptation factors implemented by hotel enterprises are considered and ranked - from the most successful to the least used (compliance with antivirus measures and recommendations, change of mode of transport, new types of tourist routes, electronic means of booking and registration, organization of online tours, excursions, etc.), the scale of efficiency of factors of adaptation which is based on an estimation of average value of their usefulness is created. Demonstrated the percentage of effectiveness of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus (compliance with social distancing, mask regimen, use of disinfectants and antiseptics, wet periodic cleaning, temperature measurement); the main causes of business complications are given; the forecasted periods of recovery of small hotel enterprises at the pre-crisis level are visualized. Relevant conclusions have been drawn from the findings and recommendations are being developed to mitigate the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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