Aim. To estimate the parameters of dental and immune status of professional athletes’ oral cavity on the background of intense physical exercises. Methods. Clinical and laboratory studies of oral cavity of 122 athletes were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the study group were the athletes involved in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling with identical living conditions, nutrition, training, aged 19 to 27 years. Athletic experience of professional sports was 8 to 13 years. The presence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity were identified. Biochemical studies were conducted in 92 male athletes (wrestlers of the free and classical style) aged 19 to 27 years. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning on an empty stomach 15-30 min prior to training and within 1 h after the intensive training sessions. Results. Before the start of the training of wrestlers with intact periodontium no signs of bleeding gums were detected, but at the end of the training process due to rising intensity of physical exercise, deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and increasing blood flow, bleeding developed. After completion of the cycle of intense physical training with heavy loads aimed at the development of strength endurance in the prelaunch period, the immune status of the examined athletes changes a little. In accordance with the received data of laboratory investigations highly qualified athletes have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A on the background of significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine in the same biotope of the oral cavity. Conclusion. Long-term and excessive exercise often lead to changes of local immunity in the oral cavity and development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues that indicates the feasibility of their timely diagnosis and correction.
Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the medication «Pomegranate balm» in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in professional athletes. Methods. Among 475 professional athletes the prevalence of periodontal diseases was studied using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Silness-Löe plaque index, periodontal index, Muhlemann sulcus bleeding index modified by I. Cowell and biochemical analyses were determined in 51 freestyle and classical style wrestlers divided into three groups: group 1 - 20 athletes with intact periodontium, group 2 - 16 athletes with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, group 3 - 15 wrestlers with the signs of mild periodontitis. Sialometry was performed, the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin-8 in oral fluid was measured by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results. The maximum values of gingival bleeding were recorded in groups 1 and 2 of the examined athletes - 20.9±3.79 and 34.5±3.21%, respectively. The incidence of moderate and severe periodontal diseases in the age group of 24-32 years was in average 14.1±2.35 and 5.5±1.53%, respectively. Use of the drug sharply increased the rate of basic salivation (from 1.98±0.031 to 2.23±0.023 ml/min, p <0.001), and by the end of the investigation, in most of the athletes the earlier observed signs of hyposalivation resolved, and the analysis of laboratory data revealed markedly increased level of secretory immunoglobulin A from 260.2±1.47 to 544.0±6.33 mg×mg-1 protein and decreased levels of interleukin-8 from 2829.6±15.8 to 1224.2±18.0 pg×mg-1 protein (p <0.001). Conclusion. Effective and biologically active preparation based on propolis «Pomegranate balm» can significantly improve the dental status of professional athletes against the background of improving the state of factors of local oral immunity.
Aim. Evaluation of dental diseases prevalence in professional athletes engaged in power sports and of the influence of biologically neutral products based on propolis on the level of their dental health. Methods. The examination of organs and tissues of the oral cavity of professional athletes engaged for a long time in power sports was carried out. With the use of the developed specialized questionnaire dental status of the athletes was determined. Based on the analysis of the results of clinical and laboratory studies anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effectiveness of products based on propolis were evaluated. Results. The results of the survey showed that not all athletes are informed about the possibility of aggravation of pathological processes in soft and hard tissues of oral cavity during active training, mainly, in power sports. Lack of awareness of surveyed athletes about the need for timely individual oral hygiene procedures and regular dentist visits was revealed, especially during intense training before and after competitions. On evaluation of dental status of professional combat athletes high prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal disease and caries were found. High anti-inflammatory efficiency of the product «Pomegranate Balm» for correction of dental status of professional athletes was proven. Conclusion. High incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases of mild to moderate severity was revealed in athletes during prolonged and intense physical training; efficacy of biologically neutral products based on propolis was established.
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