Aim. To estimate the parameters of dental and immune status of professional athletes’ oral cavity on the background of intense physical exercises. Methods. Clinical and laboratory studies of oral cavity of 122 athletes were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the study group were the athletes involved in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling with identical living conditions, nutrition, training, aged 19 to 27 years. Athletic experience of professional sports was 8 to 13 years. The presence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity were identified. Biochemical studies were conducted in 92 male athletes (wrestlers of the free and classical style) aged 19 to 27 years. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning on an empty stomach 15-30 min prior to training and within 1 h after the intensive training sessions. Results. Before the start of the training of wrestlers with intact periodontium no signs of bleeding gums were detected, but at the end of the training process due to rising intensity of physical exercise, deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and increasing blood flow, bleeding developed. After completion of the cycle of intense physical training with heavy loads aimed at the development of strength endurance in the prelaunch period, the immune status of the examined athletes changes a little. In accordance with the received data of laboratory investigations highly qualified athletes have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A on the background of significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine in the same biotope of the oral cavity. Conclusion. Long-term and excessive exercise often lead to changes of local immunity in the oral cavity and development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues that indicates the feasibility of their timely diagnosis and correction.
Objective. To study the indicators of the dental status in professional athletes. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 200 professional female athletes representing various kinds of sport and 200 practically healthy female individuals who are not involved in sports. The total sports experience of the subjects was on average 1315 years. The prevalence of periodontal diseases among female athletes was determined using the CPITN index. The prevalence and intensity of caries was determined by the CPI index. The hygienic state of the oral cavity was determined using the oral hygiene efficiency index (PHP). In the main group, patients were administered applications of a drug based on propolis and vegetable oil for two weeks; in the comparison group, the traditional antiseptic, chlorhexidine bigluconate, was used for the same period. Results. In the control group, the prevalence of chronic generalized gingivitis was on average two times less than in the main group, in which the value of this indicator varied within 50 %. Among all the studied diseases of the oral cavity in athletes in general, the most essential and significant differences were observed in relation to the prevalence of dental caries and its complications, which were more common in the group of athletes than in the control group 95.0 1.54 %, versus 89.5 2.17 %, respectively (p 0.001). The need for treatment of moderate and severe inflammatory periodontal diseases in the main group was approximately 1.5 times higher than in the control group (77.0 2.98 vs. 42.5 3.50 %, p 0.001), and for gingivitis almost 2 times higher than in the control group (61.5 3.44 vs. 39.0 3.45 %, p 0.001). The results of the study showed that among the oral diseases in sportswomen, the most essential and significant differences were observed in the prevalence of dental caries and its complications. The intensity of periodontal tissue damage over the entire period of sports career in athletes of the older age group corresponded to moderate and severe periodontitis. The high percentage of cases of major dental diseases detected among female athletes indicates their high need for periodontal care. Conclusions. Regular use of a biologically neutral propolis-based preparation for preventive purposes leads to a relatively more pronounced improvement in laboratory and clinical indicators of the oral cavity status.
<p> Marked reduction of the immunological reactivity of various organs and systems of professional athletes on the background of intense physical activities leads to an increase in the prevalence and intensity of inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues. According to the index indicant expressed pathological processes in periodontal tissues frequently found already in the examined younger age groups. Use in therapeutic and prophylactic purposes biologically neutral medication of plant and animal origin during overtraining syndrome accompanied by significant positive changes in the clinical and laboratory manifestations of inflammatory periodontal disease. Statistical analysis of the results showed a significant decrease in data of hygiene and periodontal indices, and quantitative content secretor immunoglobulin in the mixed saliva, and this trend could be observed at all stages of research and almost in all groups of professional athletes.</p><p> </p>
Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the medication «Pomegranate balm» in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in professional athletes. Methods. Among 475 professional athletes the prevalence of periodontal diseases was studied using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Silness-Löe plaque index, periodontal index, Muhlemann sulcus bleeding index modified by I. Cowell and biochemical analyses were determined in 51 freestyle and classical style wrestlers divided into three groups: group 1 - 20 athletes with intact periodontium, group 2 - 16 athletes with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, group 3 - 15 wrestlers with the signs of mild periodontitis. Sialometry was performed, the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin-8 in oral fluid was measured by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results. The maximum values of gingival bleeding were recorded in groups 1 and 2 of the examined athletes - 20.9±3.79 and 34.5±3.21%, respectively. The incidence of moderate and severe periodontal diseases in the age group of 24-32 years was in average 14.1±2.35 and 5.5±1.53%, respectively. Use of the drug sharply increased the rate of basic salivation (from 1.98±0.031 to 2.23±0.023 ml/min, p <0.001), and by the end of the investigation, in most of the athletes the earlier observed signs of hyposalivation resolved, and the analysis of laboratory data revealed markedly increased level of secretory immunoglobulin A from 260.2±1.47 to 544.0±6.33 mg×mg-1 protein and decreased levels of interleukin-8 from 2829.6±15.8 to 1224.2±18.0 pg×mg-1 protein (p <0.001). Conclusion. Effective and biologically active preparation based on propolis «Pomegranate balm» can significantly improve the dental status of professional athletes against the background of improving the state of factors of local oral immunity.
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