The article substantiates the necessity to study the economic and biological features of promising clonal stocks, suitable for use in intensive technologies for cultivating stone fruit crops in order to identify their adaptive capacity in agroecological conditions of the Chechen Republic. The work was carried out in a greenhouse complex with fogging installations of the NPF "Gardens of Chechnya" in accordance with the work program and research methods in horticulture. Cuttings were treated before planting with indole butyric acid (IBA) and 50% aqueous solution of ethanol according to F.Ya. Polikarpova and V.V. Pilyugina (1991) the method. To obtain high-quality rootstock material from grassy cuttings with a semi-lignified heel a modified substrate in container culture was used consisting of equal volumes of peat, river sand, turfy ground (this soil mixture is sufficiently porous and prevents over-wetting of the root placement zone), and auxinic preparation IMC increasing root production ability of plants. As a control, a 50% ethanol aqueous solution was used. The reference area is 9 m2, the replication of the experience is quadruple, the location of the experiment is randomized. The region of plant alimentation is 6 x 6 cm. Experimental data on the effect of the auxin yield of IMK and 50% of the aqueous solution of ethanol (K) on the duration of rooting, the dynamics of the rhizogenerated activity, the main phytometric and phytophysiological parameters of different forms of clonal rootstocks. The growth activity of clonal rootstocks is analyzed on the basis of the studied dimensional parameters of rooted grassy cuttings.
The article provides a comparative analysis of productivity, fruit formation and growth rate of introduced apple varieties trees. The work was carried out on the basis of collection apple plantations of the Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture experimental field. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem with underlying gravel, the humus content in the arable layer is 3.9%. The climate is moderate continental. The relief is flat and low. The temperature conditions of the Chechen Republic are very diverse. The average annual air temperature is 10.4 °C, the minimum temperature is – 28 °C, and the maximum is 42 °C. The research objects are ten apple varieties of domestic and foreign selection: Red Chief, Enterprise, Florina, Morden Duft, Jonagold, Pink Lady, Ligol, Rumyanets alpinista, Golden Bee, Renet Simirenko. In experimentation were guided by the program and methodology of collection variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops, as well as the methodology of research in horticulture. The stock M-9, which is widely used in the southern regions of our country, ensures the relative durability of trees and their high productivity. It is also of interest to study the biological fitness of dwarf apple trees on this rootstock and in intensive irrigated orchards. Based on the long-term researches we recommend all of the above varieties for irrigated intensive gardens of the Chechen Republic and regions similar in climate, with the exception of Morden Duft, Jonagold, Ligol. They can be grown, but on a limited scale.
In recent decades cultivation of fruit crops, in particular apple trees, has been carried out under adverse weather conditions for plants: the effects of annual abiotic and biotic stresses, extreme temperatures during dormancy and vegetation, epiphytotics of the main apple diseases – scab and powdery mildew. Unstable weather conditions reduce the stability and quality of the products obtained, since the protection of plants from diseases involves treatment with chemicals that affect the environmental safety of products. One of the ways to increase the perennial fruit stands resistance is to introduce into the assortment of cultivated varieties complexly resistant to temperature stresses and dominant diseases. The article justified the need to study the economic and biological characteristics of promising apple varieties suitable for use in intensive cultivation technologies of pome crops resistant to scab and powdery mildew. The work was carried out on the basis of collection plantings of apple trees of the experimental field of the Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture. Objects of research are 15 apple varieties of domestic and foreign selection. During experimentations and observations were guided by the methodology of collection cultivation of fruit, berry and nut-bearing crops, and the program of the North Caucasus Center for the selection of fruit, berry, flower and decorative crops and grapes for the period until 2030. The cultivation of varieties characterized by resistance to scab and powdery mildew, allows to reduce the number of chemical treatments and thereby reduce the pesticidal pressure on plants, the environment, and especially fruits. The results of studies on the evaluation of commercial and taste qualities also showed varietal specificity.
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