The effect of a flax straw extract on Al corrosion inhibition in a strong alkaline solution was studied by using electrochemical measurements, weight-loss analysis, SEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. Flax straw extract added (3 vol %) to the 5 m KOH solution to act as a mixed-type Al corrosion inhibitor. The electrochemistry of Al in the presence of a flax straw extract in the alkaline solution, the effect of the extract on the Al morphology and surface films formed, and the corrosion inhibition mechanism are discussed. Finally, the Al-air battery discharge capacity recorded from a cell that used the flax straw extract in the alkaline electrolyte is substantially higher than that with only a pure alkaline electrolyte. This improved sustainability of the Al anode is attributed to Al corrosion inhibition and, consequently, to hydrogen evolution suppression.

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The expediency of including the philosophy of green chemistry in the educational process in teaching agricultural students has been substantiated. Examples of studies aimed at using the principles of green chemistry in agricultural production are given. Use of natural low-toxic drugs as pesticides and plant growth stimulants. Development of methods for processing the agricultural waste. Thermochemical study in the field of agriculture. Study of catalytic processes. Development of test methods for timely control of agricultural objects. The experience of using the principles of green chemistry in teaching chemical disciplines to agrarian students is provided. The additions to the content of the topics "Thermochemistry", "Catalytic processes" are shown in the context of the formation of students' readiness to solve professional tasks to minimize energy costs in agriculture and use their own renewable energy sources.

Reactions of cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, N-substituted pyrrolidin-3-one and piperidin-4-one, and tetrahydropyran-4-one with allyl bromide in the presence of zinc and ammonium chloride gave the corresponding geminal hydroxy allyl derivatives. Treatment of the latter with sodium periodate in the presence of sodium metabisulfite resulted in their oxidative cyclization with formation of oxa spirocyclic alcohols containing carbo-and heterocyclic fragments. Swern oxidation of the spiro alcohols afforded the corresponding ketones which were characterized as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones.Spirocyclic derivatives of tetrahydrofuran attract interest as potential biologically active substances. For example, compounds I and II were isolated from plants [1,2], in particular from tea [3]. 8-Methyl-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one, 2,8-dimethyl-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one and their derivatives were reported to act as muscarinic cholinomimetics [4], i.e., their activity is analogous to that of such medical agents as Aceclidine and Pilocarpine. particular mercury(II) salts [5], lead(IV) acetate [8], and selenium(II) compounds [9], or expensive rhodium catalysts [11] were used, which may also be regarded as disadvantages.Taking into account the above stated and the results of our previous studies [12] on new heterocyclic spiro compounds, the goal of the present work was to develop a general procedure for the synthesis of spirocyclic 3-hydroxy-and 3-oxotetrahydrofuran derivatives containing carbo-and heterocyclic fragments. Interest in such compounds is determined by broad potential of their application in preparative organic synthesis due to the presence of functional groups. As starting compounds we used accessible carbo-and heterocyclic ketones, cyclopentanone (IIIa), cyclohexanone (IIIb), tert-butyl 3-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (IIIc), tert-butyl 3-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (IIId), tert-butyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (IIIe), and tetrahydropyran-4-one (IIIf). Ketones IIIa-IIIf fairly readily reacted with allyl bromide in the presence of zinc dust in tetrahydrofuran-saturated aqueous ammonium chloride over a period of 10-12 h at room temperature under vigorous stirring (TLC monitoring). As a result, the corresponding geminal allyl hydroxy derivatives IVa-IVf were formed in almost quantitative yield (Scheme 1); their structure was confirmed by elemental analyses, and IR, 1 H NMR, and mass spectra.

Background: Currently, technologies that provide the energy and nutritional value of agricultural crops under extreme growing condishions have the greatest advantage. Much research is devoted to the study of the effect of brassinosteroids and their analogs, as well as zircon, which have a multifunctional effect on the yield and the formation of elements of productivity of various agricultural plants. Also many studies have been carried out to study the effect of microelements on the formation of yield and adaptive ability of grain crops. However, some aspects of increasing the efficiency of growth regulation and microelements require further study. In this regard, studies were carried out to study the effect of the combined use of growth regulators and sodium selenite on the yield and the formation of productivity elements of spring wheat, depending on the conditions of water supply. The efficiency of the action of plants growth epin and zircon, introduced together with sodium selenit, on the yield and production process of spring wheat plants under conditions of optimal irrigation and short-term soil drought has been studies. Methods: The research was carried out in 2018-2019. In a vegetation experiment at the Russian State Agarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy. The object of research was spring soft wheat of the Ivolga variety. The plants were grown in vessels with a capacity of 5 kg of soil. For the experiments, a soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil was used. The optimal conditions for water supply were created watering the vessels during the entire growing season. A short-trem drought was created by stopping irrigation duting the steming phase. The duration of the drought is 5-6 days. In experiments, growth regulations epin, zircon and sodium selenite were studied, which were used by treating seeds before sowing wich 0,01% solutions of preparations. In the studies, the yield of spring wheat ang the formation of productivity elements were determined. Result: Analysis of variance results for differences in the action of sodium selenite, zircon and epin, as well as their combination on various aspects of the production process of forming wheat yield. The stimulating effect of the combined use of sodium selenite and zircon on the reproductive organs of wheat was established, as a result of cariopses in an ear increased by 1.43 time. The activation of the attracting ability of the ear established when using the conscientious use of sodium selenite and epin. As a result, the wheat yield increased by 20% with optimal water supply and drought.

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