The improvement of methods of radiation diagnostics has led to an increase in the frequency of detection of breast cancer in the early stages. According to our study (a retrospective analysis of data from 195 MRM with DKU), the results of studies of women with a histologically verified diagnosis of intra-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For formations of more than 5 mm in 60 %, we obtained reliable criteria for the malignant process (contrast capture of more than 100 % for type II-III, the presence of feeding arteries). Various contrast zones without / or with the presence of less than 5 mm formation in 10–20 % of in situ carcinomas had a pattern of accumulation similar to benign proliferative changes, a statistically significant criterion was the strengthening of the vasculature on MIP reconstruction around the contrast zone, which in 31 % of cases coincided with the areas of accumulation of atypical microcalcinates detected in mammography (BI-RADS 4). MR mammography with dynamic contrast enhancement, having a high sensitivity in detecting vascularized areas, allows us to assess their nature with a high degree of probability against the background of any types of breast tissue structure.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most effective method of diagnosing breast pathology due to its high resolution in the study of soft tissues and high sensitivity based on the contrast effect. There is still no consensus on the choice of the optimal method of examination of patients after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Changes in breast tissue that are associated with surgery and radiation therapy cause difficulties in interpreting mammographic and ultrasound images. MRI using a high-field tomograph (> 1 T), a specialized coil and a paramagnetic contrast agent is highly informative in the detection and differential diagnosis of recurrent formations against the background of infiltrative and scarring changes.
Introduction. Typical basis of chronic cerebral ischemia in young people is small vessel disease (SVD) diagnosed by micro-focal lesions and microstructural damage of cerebral white matter (WM), reduction of fractional anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI). Previous studies showed that increased dopplerographic pulsatility and resistivity indices in middle cerebral artery (MCA PI-RI) correlated with SVD manifestations and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly patients. Aim – to determine early markers and predictors of asymptomatic SVD in young and middle-aged individuals without cognitive impairment. Materials and methods. 52 male employees of the EMERCOM, 47.3±7.6 years, without neurological or cognitive deficits were examined. Duplex scanning with MCA PI-RI calculation, MRI with WM damage assessment according to Fazekas scale, DT-MRI FA definition were completed. Results. All those examed showed MRI signs of SVD. Two groups were formed according to Fazekas: 0 points (n-38) and 1-2 points (n-14). The 2nd group showed higher MCA PI-RI (p<0.002 and p<0.05). Multivariate logistical regression analysis showed significant correlation of PI in MCA (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.13- 4.81; p=0.02) with WM lesion according to Fazekas. The FA in cognitively important tracts was lower in group 2 (p<0,001). A stepwise multiple linear regression model revealed that the strongest predictors of FA reduction were PI and RI. The values of psychomotor speed and attention span were lower in group 2. Conclusion. MCA PI-RI are early markers of focal lesions and microstructural changes in WM and predictors of cognitive impairment in the young and middle-aged with asymptomatic SVD.
Background. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly informative method for the diagnosis of various types of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ), which makes its use an integral component in choosing a treatment algorithm and evaluating its effectiveness.Objective. Determine the value of MRI in the diagnosis, planning and effectiveness of conservative treatment of patients with various types of ventral dislocation of the intra-articular disk TMJ.Design and methods. We analyzed the results of clinical and instrumental studies at the stages of planning, treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of conservative therapy in dynamics in 62 patients with complaints of pain in the joint area, difficulty opening the mouth and joint noise. Results. In patients from the dynamic observation group with complete ventral dislocation of the disc identified prior to treatment, conservative treatment underwent positive dynamics of clinical manifestations and the absence or negative dynamics of MRI results. In patients with partial ventral dislocation of the disk, there was a positive dynamic of both clinical manifestations and MR images after conservative treatment.Conclusion. MRI is a fundamental method in the complex diagnosis of various types of ventral dislocation of the disk, the use of which in certain cases allows us to predict the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy and becomes a decisive factor in the appointment of invasive treatment methods.
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