В обзоре литературы представлены современные данные о влиянии некоторых нутриентов на профилактику неинфекционных заболеваний (метаболических заболеваний, фоновых состояний, аллергической патологии) у детей. Для детей грудного возраста эталоном вскармливания является грудное молоко, обеспечивающее рост и развитие ребенка. Представлены данные о влиянии пребиотических свойств олигосахаридов грудного молока и микробиоты кишечника на рост, развитие и состояния здоровья ребенка. Освещены вопросы «программирования» метаболизма при рациональном адаптированном питании в период грудного и раннего возраста, а также недоношенных детей, влияния питательных веществ на иммунитет, пищеварительную систему, костную ткань, развитие мозга и когнитивные функции. Оценены факторы, влияющие на развитие пищевой аллергии в детском возрасте. Для организации полноценного питания важен правильный выбор продукта специального состава, отвечающего особенностям детей конкретного возраста и характеру нарушенных обменных процессов. The literature review presents current data on the effect of certain nutrients on the prevention of non-infectious diseases (metabolic diseases, background conditions, allergic pathology) in children. For infants, the standard of feeding is breast milk, which ensures the growth and development of the baby. The data on the influence of the prebiotic properties of breast milk oligosaccharides and intestinal microbiota on the growth, development and health of the child are presented. The issues of «programming» metabolism with rational adapted nutrition during infancy and early age, as well as premature infants, the effect of nutrients on immunity, the digestive system, bone tissue, brain development and cognitive functions are highlighted. The factors influencing the development of food allergy in childhood were evaluated. For the organization of good nutrition, it is important to choose the right product of a special composition that meets the characteristics of children of a particular age and the nature of disturbed metabolic processes. This literature review discusses the current understanding of the effect of certain nutrients in children on the prevention of a number of noncommunicable diseases. It is emphasized that the standard of feeding for young children is breast milk, which provides the child with everything necessary for his growth and development.
The actual problem, and simultaneously, the trend of today’s vocational – education digitalization of agricultural experts training in Russia are investigated. The review of the theory of the question, which proves the idea of accord of vocational training digitalization process of the XXI century tasks, is made. Didactic digitalization elements as a process are correlated with the revealed professional agricultural engineering problems. Digitalization maintenances opportunities of science subjects as possible means of the priority purposes achievement of modern vocational trainings are investigated. The substantiation of the projected course «Methods of optimum decisions acceptance» as a set of the competence-focused modules is achieved, each of which corresponded to concrete type of optimization problems, solved by agroengineers in professional work.
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