The article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of establishing the legal regime of seaports. The documents of long-term strategic planning in the maritime sphere, international agreements and sectoral (port) legislation are analyzed. It is determined that neither the program documents of the maritime sphere of Ukraine, nor other national legislation of the port sphere contain generalized norms on the regimes of seaports, but outline their components. The first indicates the need and ways to improve them, and the second-these components are regulated in detail and clearly specified, 45 LEX PORTUS # 3 (23)'2020 comprehensively characterize the established regimes of seaports, but only from the standpoint of domestic law, not taking into account international (bilateral) agreements on merchant shipping. At the same time, these agreements determine one of the largest elements of the integrated regime of seaports-the regime of ships under foreign flags and the regime of their crews. The author proposes to amend the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of port activities and indicate in it the determinism of the regimes of seaports of Ukraine not only of domestic legislation but also of the rules of bilateral agreements on merchant shipping. It is also noted that such norms can be enshrined in the future law of Ukraine on inland waters, the territorial sea and the continental shelf.
The article is devoted to the study of the historical development of international legal norms on the regime of seaports. It is noted that the process of creating worldwide agreed rules on the regime of seaports did not end with the adoption of a generally accepted agreement. At all times seaports played the role of a leading lever of formation statehood of coastal countries. Thanks to the location on the coast of the seas and oceans precisely in the coastal settlements carried out much more progressive development of trade and crafts, were formed the first states, and the development of shipping meant spreading the jurisdiction of the remote and rich colony resources. That is the period Great geographic discoveries that became possible as a result development of seafaring and, of course, arrangement of special places on the coasts, where possible and convenient was an unloading and loading large ships, repair them, etc.,sea ports, laid the basis of economic stability of modern European countries and became the pledge of the formation of the great powers of the North and South Of America. The current practice of determining the regime of seaports, in particular the regime of ships under foreign flags, is characterized by the harmonization of its rules between the states on a bilateral basis. Also, it is noted the complexity and multivectoring of a concept "legal regime of a port". It combines the rules of visitation (calling at) the port, staying and movement within the seaport, the regime at the point of entry through the state border of Ukraine, the regime of property at the seaport. In addition, the water surface of a portthe water of the port of Ukraine, is limited by a line that passes through the permanent port facilities, which are most protruding to the seain accordance with the article 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On the State Border of Ukraine", are the inland waters of Ukraine, which also have the appropriate legal regime, which has significant differences from the regimes of other types of maritime spaces, established by Ukrainethe territorial sea and the exclusive (maritime) economic zone.
The article is devoted to the research of factors, which have a significant impact on the increase of competitiveness and achievement of efficiency of logistic systems, which is part of the sea ports of Ukraine. From the competitiveness of the domestic transport system in the world market depends on the efficiency of the functioning of the ports, the level of their technological and technical equipment, the compliance of the management system and the development of the infrastructure with modern international requirements. Fleet and ports are an active part of a large and very dynamic competitive environment. The effectiveness of logistics systems with its own seaport structure is directly dependent on economic stability and the development of coastal
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