Seaport Regime: the Genesis of Internationally-Legal Provision

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the historical development of international legal norms on the regime of seaports. It is noted that the process of creating worldwide agreed rules on the regime of seaports did not end with the adoption of a generally accepted agreement. At all times seaports played the role of a leading lever of formation statehood of coastal countries. Thanks to the location on the coast of the seas and oceans precisely in the coastal settlements carried out much more progressive development of trade and crafts, were formed the first states, and the development of shipping meant spreading the jurisdiction of the remote and rich colony resources. That is the period Great geographic discoveries that became possible as a result development of seafaring and, of course, arrangement of special places on the coasts, where possible and convenient was an unloading and loading large ships, repair them, etc.,sea ports, laid the basis of economic stability of modern European countries and became the pledge of the formation of the great powers of the North and South Of America. The current practice of determining the regime of seaports, in particular the regime of ships under foreign flags, is characterized by the harmonization of its rules between the states on a bilateral basis. Also, it is noted the complexity and multivectoring of a concept "legal regime of a port". It combines the rules of visitation (calling at) the port, staying and movement within the seaport, the regime at the point of entry through the state border of Ukraine, the regime of property at the seaport. In addition, the water surface of a portthe water of the port of Ukraine, is limited by a line that passes through the permanent port facilities, which are most protruding to the seain accordance with the article 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On the State Border of Ukraine", are the inland waters of Ukraine, which also have the appropriate legal regime, which has significant differences from the regimes of other types of maritime spaces, established by Ukrainethe territorial sea and the exclusive (maritime) economic zone.