Academic mobility is one of the key directions of development of intellectual potential and realization of professional opportunities of both youth and highly qualified specialists, scientists and teachers. This category of the population is the intellectual potential of the country, able to carry out an “innovative breakthrough” of the economy, able to act as a mechanism for strengthening the integration processes in the Eurasian space (within the EAEU and SCO), as well as to become a certain reserve for the demographic development of some Russian regions. The term “circulation of minds” is defined, which has become increasingly used in relation to the emigration of specialists from Russia. The circulation of minds implies that the migration of highly skilled professionals and scientists follows the movement of capital and projects, is temporary and returnable. The concept of “academic mobility” is specified and its key characteristics are given. The evaluation of the implementation of international programs to promote academic mobility, including such programs as Erasmus Mundus, DAAD, Tempus, Fulbright Program, etc., which allow participating countries to obtain positive socio-economic, scientific and demographic effects. Unfortunately, this potential of educational migration is not fully realized in Russia. In addition, the Russian science lacks the necessary amount of scientific research on the problems of academic mobility, which is largely due to the negative “color” of educational migration in the country, due to the significant attention to the problem of “brain drain”. Nevertheless, in our opinion, Russia has enormous unrealized potential and unique opportunities for the development of academic mobility. In conclusion, there are proposals for the formation of Russia’s policy in relation to the development of academic mobility, maintaining a positive trend to attract highly skilled migrants from near and far abroad, but also for the further development of forms of academic mobility.
The aim of the work is to analyze the modern trend of reducing absolute and relative abortion rates in Russia, as well as assessing this trend to preserve the reproductive potential and strengthen the socio-demographic security of Russia. It examines the scope, pace, and regional differentiation of abortions in recent years, and identifies prospects for reducing the incidence of pregnancy interruptions as a reserve for improving demographic development. Methods. The method of analytical analysis consisted in the selection and study of the content of domestic and foreign approaches to the subject of scientific interest, Rosstat data and regulatory documents. The statistical method allowed making calculations, which were the basis for illustrations of results of the project using a graphic method. The method of comparison and the rating method gave an idea of the spread of abortions in different periods of time, and also provided an opportunity to classify the subjects of Russia according to a number of indicators. Results. In 2017 the number of abortions was less than 700 thousand. Over the previous seven years, Russia has lost 1 million lives due to abortions. The maximum abortions accounted for the most "productive" age of 25-29 years. The proportion of this group of women in the total number of women who produced an abortion is 27-28 %. This indicates a more intensive abortive behaviour of this age group of women, the positive transformation of which could also contribute to a greater number of births. Conclusions. The implementation of a nationwide campaign to prevent abortions can help save an additional 130-150 thousand lives of newborns annually. For 10 years, this will allow to increase births in the country to the level of 1.3-1.5 million children. The article contributes to the scientific discussion and considers abortions and abortive culture as an additional reserve to improve the demographic situation in the future.
Инсти тут демографических исследований Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук (ИДИ ФНИСЦ РАН), г. Москва Цель работы-анализ истоков отставания темпов снижения смертности женщин от темпов изменения мужской смертности в Российской Федерации. Методы. Проанализирована неоднородность тенденций среди жительниц городской и сельской местности,
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