Infantile parkinsonism-dystonia, type 1 (DTDS) (OMIM 613135) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disease that manifests in infancy. The development of the disease is caused by a homozygous or compound-heterozygous mutation in theSLC6A3gene (OMIM 126455), which encodes a dopamine Transporter localized on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p15). The main pathogenetic mechanism of the disease is the loss of the function of the main dopamine transporter at the presynaptic level, which leads to a decrease in the reuptake of dopamine in the synaptic cleft, depletion of presynaptic dopamine reserves, and an increase in the amount of extraneuronal dopamine. Currently, there are 20 cases of this disease in children in the world. The main clinical manifestations of DTDS are various hyperkinesis patterns (dystonia, chorea, athetosis, etc.), followed by hypokinesia and rigidity, developing against the background of axial hypotension. Difficulties in differential diagnosis lead to the fact that many patients are observed for years with erroneous clinical diagnoses, including cerebral palsy, regularly receiving rehabilitation treatment without clinical effect. The mentioned above explains the need for clinicians to be aware of a rare disease DTDS, which will avoid diagnostic errors, prescribe adequate therapy promptly, and thereby significantly improve the quality of life of patients and their families. The article contains an overview of the etiological, pathogenetic, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of DTDS. For the first time in Russia, there is reported a clinical case of this rare disease, which presents the own experience with DTDS patient.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is an inherited chronic progressive lysosomal disease associated with recessive X-linked inheritance. MPS II is classified as an orphan disease and occurs at a rate of 1.3 per 100,000 white boys. Hunter syndrome is the most common type of mucopolysaccharidosis, accounting for about 50% of MPS types. The diseases pathogenesis is based on a violation of the stepwise cleavage of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) heparansulfate and dermatansulfate caused by a deficiency of the iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme encoded by theIDSgene. The existing deficiency or complete absence of iduronate-2-sulfatase leads to a violation of the final stage of glycosaminoglycan catabolism and the accumulation heparansulfate and dermatansulfate in all organs and tissues. Currently, there are two drugs registered in the Russian Federation for pathogenetic enzyme replacement therapy of MPS: idursulfase and idursulfase beta. This refers to the expansion of the therapeutic options for Hunter syndrome patients in the event of severe adverse events. It allows choosing the treatment regimen that will be optimal for the patient and will significantly improve the quality of life. In this article, the authors share their own experience of changing enzyme replacement therapy in an MPS II child patient.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.