Owing to the development of molecular genetics, the role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in treatment of patients with glioma (WHO Grade I–IV) has become more understandable. The overall survival among glioma patients has increased. As overall survival increases, oncologists are more likely to detect manifestations of late radiation toxicity that has a huge impact on Quality of Life in patients who have undergone radiation therapy in the past. In this regard, the question of finding more adequate radiation therapy techniques remains relevant. photon radiation therapy is the standard method; however, considering dosimetric advantages of proton therapy over photon therapy, its widespread use can potentially lead to the increased overall survival, decreased number of late radiation-induced complications and improved quality of life in the post-radiation period. This article presents some comparative characteristics of proton and photon radiation therapy in patients with gliomas (WHO Grade I–IV). dosimetry characteristics of protons in tissues were compared, data showing differences in survival of patients treated with photons versus patients treated with protons were presented, and general information on early and late radiation-induced toxicity arising from the treatment by these methods was disclosed.
According to the data for 2019, breast cancer occupies a leading position among malignant neoplasms in the female population in the Russian Federation. Currently, there is an increase in the number of young breast cancer patients. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of life of patients, in particular the aesthetic results of special treatment, are increasing, which contributes to the introduction of methods of reconstructive surgery in oncomammology. The two-stage installation of a silicone breast implant is the most common method of breast reconstruction in oncological practice, in which a tissue expander is installed in patients at the first stage after mastectomy, and at the second stage it is replaced with a permanent implant. At the same time, the issue of radiotherapy in patients who have undergone the surgical stage of breast cancer treatment with reconstructive plastic surgery remains relevant to date. As is known, radiotherapy plays an important role in the combined and complex treatment of breast cancer, increasing, in general, locoregional control in operated patients. On the other hand, it may increase the risk of late complications of breast reconstruction, such as the development of capsular contractures and protrusions. It should also be emphasized that at present, the impact of hypofractive radiotherapy regimes, which are the most promising in clinical development, primarily on endoprostheses in patients during two-stage reconstruction, remains insufficiently studied. This article presents a brief analysis of the physical and dosimetric planning of radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer after the installation of a tissue expander who were treated on the basis of the RNCRR.
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