Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: 37 patients (25 men and 12 women) aged 45 to 70 years with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. Eighteen patients underwent NMES daily since postoperative day 3 until discharge in addition to standard rehabilitation program (NMES group), and 19 patients underwent standard rehabilitation program only (non-NMES group). The primary outcome was the knee extensors strength at discharge in NMES group and in control. Secondary outcomes were the handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris in groups at discharge. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups. Knee extensors strength at discharge was significantly higher in the NMES group (28.1 [23.8; 36.2] kg on the right and 27.45 [22.3; 33.1] kg on the left) than in the non-NMES group (22.3 [20.1; 27.1] and 22.5 [20.1; 25.9] kg, respectively; P < .001). Handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, quadriceps CSA, and 6 minute walk distance at discharge in the groups had no significant difference. Conclusions: This pilot study shows a beneficial effect of NMES on muscle strength in patients with complications after cardiovascular surgery. The use of NMES showed no effect on strength of non-stimulated muscle, quadriceps CSA, and distance of 6-minute walk test at discharge. Further blind randomized controlled trials should be performed with emphasis on the effectiveness of NEMS in increasing muscle strength and structure in these patients.

The purpose of this work was to study the factors determining the functional state of cardiac surgery patients with a complicated postoperative period upon discharge from the hospital. This observational study included 60 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with a complicated postoperative course and with a prolonged intensive care unit stay of more than 72 h. We assessed handgrip and lower-extremity muscle strength and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance 3 days after the surgery and at discharge from the hospital. Some patients (53%) additionally underwent a course of neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES). Two groups of patients were formed: first (6MWT distance at discharge of more than 300 m) and second groups (6MWT distance of 300 m or less). The patients of the second group had less lower-extremity muscle strength and handgrip strength on the third postoperative day, a longer aortic clamping time and a longer stay in the intensive care unit. Independent predictors of decreased exercise tolerance at discharge were body mass index, foot extensor strength and baseline 6MWT distance in the general group, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass in the NMES group and in the general group, and age in the NMES group. Thus, the muscle status on the third postoperative day was one of the independent factors associated with the 6MWT distance at discharge in the general group, but not in patients who received NMES. It is advisable to use these results in patients with complications after cardiac surgery with the use of NMES rehabilitation.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases Aim To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrostimulation in the prehabilitation and prevention of muscle weakness in patients awaiting cardiac surgery. Materials and methods 122 patients waiting for elective cardiac surgery were included. Exclusion criteria: age less than 25 and more than 80 years; emergency and urgent surgical interventions; arthropathies; low pain threshold; rhabdomyolysis and other myopathies; cognitive dysfunction. Routine laboratory and instrumental examinations were performed in all patients upon admission to the hospital, as part of a standard examination. 62 patients were randomly selected for the preoperative NMES group, in addition to the standard preoperative preparation and treatment program. The standard program included 60 control patients. Patients of the NMES group underwent quadriceps stimulation for at least 5 sessions, lasting 90 minutes, daily before surgery. Results. The groups were comparable and did not have significant differences in gender and age characteristics, according to the main clinical and anamnestic data and types of operations. Initially, there were no differences in the state of the muscles of the lower extremities, the distance of the six-minute walking test (6MWT), and the strength of the hand grip. After NMES, there was an increase in muscle strength relative to the control group, both stimulated muscle groups and unstimulated antagonist muscles, as well as a greater 6MWT distance and hand compression force. All the differences were significant. Conclusions The course of pre-rehabilitation of NMES before surgery, allowed to maintain, and in some cases improve the condition of the muscle frame of the lower extremities. A positive effect was observed not only in stimulated muscle groups, but also in antagonist muscles Indicators of muscle status NMES (n = 62) Control group (n = 60) Baseline Discharge Baseline Discharge P-level Right knee extensors strength (kg) 24,4 [18,3; 31,4] 30,4 [23,8; 36,2]* 24,7 [20,1; 33,2] 22,25 [18,9; 30,4] &lt;0,001 Left knee extensors strength (kg) 23,8 [19,3; 31,3] 29,2 [23,6; 35,4]* 25,75 [19,2; 31,3] 22,9 [18,9; 27,8] &lt;0,001 Right knee flexors strength (kg) 18,9 [13,3; 24,0] 21,7 [16,6; 25,1] 19,55 [13,1; 26,0] 16,7 [12,1; 23,3] 0,006 Left knee flexors strength (kg) 19,3 [14,3; 24,5] 21,9 [17,3; 26,7] 19,5 [13,0; 24,3] 18,2 [13,4; 22,2] 0,005 6-MWT (m) 300,0 [261,0; 371,0] 331,0 [280,0; 375,0] 304,5 [253,0; 380,0] 285,5 [246,0; 342,0] 0,006 Right handgrip strength (kg) 28,5 [20,5; 34,0] 31,5 [22,0; 34,0] 29,0 [19,0; 34,0] 27,0 [19,0; 33,0] 0,054 Left handgrip strength (kg) 25,0 [18,0; 31,0] 25,0 [18,0; 32,0] 24,0 [15,0; 31,0] 22,0 [14,0; 28,0] 0,062 * - p-level from baseline data &lt; 0,05 Abstract Figure. dynamics of stimulated muscles

146 омплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний К ПЕРВЫЙ ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМИОСТИМУЛЯЦИИ ПРИ РАННЕЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ РЕЦИПИЕНТА ДОНОРСКОГО СЕРДЦА С ОСЛОЖНЕННЫМ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫМ ПЕРИОДОМ Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, Российская Федерация, 650002 А.В. Безденежных , А.Н. Сумин, П.А. Олейник Основные положения • Приводится пример использования электростимуляции скелетных мышц в ранней реабилитации реципиента донорского сердца с осложненным послеоперационным периодом.• Приведенная информация демонстрирует необходимость дальнейшего изучения применения методики как у пациентов после трансплантации сердца и других солидных органов, так и у пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of prehabilitation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle status and exercise capacity in patients before cardiac surgery. Methods: Preoperative elective cardiac surgery patients were randomly assigned to the NMES group or control group. Intervention in the NMES group was 7–10 sessions, whereas the control group carried out breathing exercises and an educational program. The outcome measures included a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and a muscle status assessment (knee extensor strength (KES), knee flexor strength (KFS), and handgrip strength (HS)) after the course of prehabilitation. Results: A total of 122 patients (NMES, n = 62; control, n = 60) completed the study. During the NMES course, no complications occurred. After the course prehabilitation KES, KFS, and 6MWT distance were significantly increased (all p < 0.001) in the NMES group compared to the control. There was no significant difference in HS before surgery. Conclusions: A short-term NMES course before cardiac surgery is feasible, safe, and effective to improve preoperative functional capacity (six-minute walk distance) and the strength of stimulated muscles.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) in patients with the complicated early postoperative period after cardiac surgery.Methods. 61 patients (44 men and 17 women) aged 52-70 years with the complicated early postoperative period after cardiac surgery were included in the study. The complications included prolonged length of stay in the intensive care unit and prolonged mechanical ventilation. The initial muscle performance of the lower extremities was measured with the carpal and isokinetic dynamometer in all patients. The six-minute walk test was performed in all patients after they had been transferred to the department of cardiac surgery.Results. Patients in the study group had reduced lower extremity muscle strength at baseline, compared with the control group. After the EMS sessions, the study group patients demonstrated pronounced improvements in muscle performance as compared to the control group. Both knee-joint extension values increased during the isometric contraction as compared to those in the control group (38.8% and 40.0% versus 8.1% and 8.4%, p <0.001), similarly to right knee-joint flexion (23.7% versus 10.1%, p = 0.008), left ankle joint (18.6 versus 4.3%, p = 0.010), right-hand grip strength (18.3 versus 11.1%, p = 0.042). In addition, the six-minute walk test results improved in the EMS group (119.72% (293 meters) and 87.13% (315 meters)) as compared to the control group (p = 0.079).Conclusion. The EMS sessions did not affect the clinical status of cardiac surgical patients with the complicated postoperative period. Moreover, it appeared to be beneficial in terms of the improved lower extremity muscle strength that was more pronounced in the study group than in the control group. Therefore, the effects of EMS on the clinical status of these patients require the further investigation.

Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, Кемерово 650002, Российская Федерация p%'>,%. Пациенты с ИБС страдают не только этим заболеванием, но и множеством сопутствующих состояний, которые затрудняют подбор оптимальной терапии. Наиболее актуальной проблема коморбидности проявляется при возникновении необходимости оперативного лечения, в первую очередь с использованием искусственного кровообращения. Необходима работа мультидисциплинарной команды специалистов, которая будет решать вопросы операбельности пациента, выбора метода реваскуляризации, этапности вмешательств и, наконец, о проведении сочетанных процедур. В статье представлен клинический случай симультанного оперативного вмешательства -КШ и гастрэктомия -у пациента с ИБС и раком желудка j+>7%";% 1+." : ишемическая болезнь сердца, коронарное шунтирование, рак желудка, коморбидность, d+? 6(2(0." -(?: Безденежных АВ, Сумин АН, Олейник ПА, Иванов СВ, Шукевич ДЛ. Симультанное оперативное вмешательство -коронарное шунтирование на работающем сердце и гастрэктомия при раке антрального отдела желудка. Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2017;(3): 108-111.Abstract. Patients with ischemic heart disease suffer not only from this disease, but also from number of concomitant conditions that make it difficult to select the optimal therapy. The most actual problem of comorbidity is manifested when there is a need for surgical treatment, primarily with the use of artificial circulation. A multidisciplinary team of specialists is needed, which will discuss issues of the patient's operability, the choice of the revascularization method, the stage of interventions, and, finally, the conduct of combined procedures. The article presents the clinical case of simultaneous surgical intervention -CB and gastrectomy -in a patient with ischemic heart disease and gastric cancer

ФГБНУ "Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний". Кемерово, Россия Цель. Изучить состояние скелетных мышц у больных стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) перед операцией коронарного шунтирования (КШ), оценить факторы, ассоциированные с его снижением и возможное клиническое значение. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 77 пациентов: 68 мужчин и 9 женщин, в возрасте 51-69 лет, поступавших в кардиологическое отделение для обследования перед проведением КШ. Всем пациентам были проведены рутинные лабораторные и инструментальные исследования в рамках стационарного обследования на этапе подготовки к оперативному вмешательству. Помимо этого, обследуемым проводили тест шестиминутной ходьбы и измерение мышечной силы мышц нижних конечностей. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: первая -низкого мышечного статуса -имела средние значения силы мышц группы разгибателей нижних конечностей меньше медианы (в среднем 20 кг/с) и составила 45 (58,44%) человек, вторая группа -высокого мышечного статуса -средние значения больше медианы (в среднем 32,5 кг/с), составила 32 (41,56%) человека. Группы были сопоставлены по основным демографическим, антропометрическим показателям, наличию факторов риска атеросклероза, сопутствующей патологии, распространенности атеротромботических событий в анамнезе, результатам лабораторного и инструментального обследования, а также по непосредственным исходам операции КШ. Результаты. При оценке состояния скелетных мышц у больных ИБС перед операцией КШ медиана силы разгибателей нижних конечностей составила 25 кг/с. У больных стабильной ИБС при снижении функционального состояния скелетных мышц по сравнению с более высоким мышечным статусом чаще отмечали инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе (р=0,021), снижение насосной функции левого желудочка (р=0,025), увеличение частоты сердечных сокращений (р=0,025) и количества лейкоцитов в крови (р=0,036). У таких пациентов отмечалось достоверное увеличение общего числа изученных послеоперационных осложнений при операции КШ (р=0,003). По данным многофакторного регрессионного анализа независимыми предикторами определения снижения силы мышц нижних конечностей были перенесенный инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе (р=0,011) и более высокий уровень лейкоцитов крови (р=0,042). Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования целесообразно использовать при составлении программ реабилитации у больных перед проведением операции КШ. Ключевые слова: ишемическая болезнь сердца, коронарное шунтирование, скелетные мышцы, клиническое значение.Отношения и деятельность: нет.