Основная цель исследования - анализ результатов лечения четырех пациентов с метастатическим поражением печени медуллярным раком щитовидной железы (МРЩЖ) и перенесших по этому поводу хирургическое вмешательство. В Российской Федерации ежегодная заболеваемость МРЩЖ составляет до 600 новых случаев (0,2 на 100 000 жителей). По данным литературы, у половины пациентов при пролонгированном наблюдении выявляются отдаленные метастазы, из них изолированное поражение печени встречается до 0,5 %. Резекция метастазов МРЩЖ выполняется только у небольшого числа пациентов. Таким образом, мало что известно об результатах лечения этой категории больных МРЩЖ.
The study objectiveis to evaluate modern-era radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy, EBRT) and target therapy (TT) outcomes for advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).Materials and methods.Seventy eight consecutive patients with stage IV MTC were evaluated. All of them with relapsing locally advanced or metastatic MTC, 16 had clinically relevant mediastinal involvement, and 59 had distant metastasis; 26 patients received conformal EBRT or intensity-modulated radiotherapy in monomode, 16 patients – conformal EBRT with simultaneous TT with vandenanib, 36 patients – TT in monomode. Median EBRT dose was 60 Gy.Results.Kaplan–Meier estimates of the median overall survival rate was 14 months for radiotherapy in monomode, 48 months – for conformal EBRT + simultaneous TT with vandenanib, 50 months – for TT in monomode. EBRT and TT allows for significantly shorter periods (median 3.8 weeks), to relieve the symptoms of compression-mediated organs and structures of the neck and mediastinum than in the TT (median 10.2 weeks) (p <0.001).Conclusion.EBRT and TT provided durable locoregional disease control with limited morbidity.
Oral mucosa cancer is a common disease with relatively low survival rates. The standard for the treatment of malignant neoplasms (MNO) of the oral mucosa is the surgical method, chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy. With the introduction of modern protocols and the improvement of current treatment methods, the increase in survival is insignificant due to the development of local and distant relapses, the appearance of simultaneous tumors of the oral cavity. Cosmetic and functional results in patients who have undergone complex treatment for oral cancer are often unsatisfactory. There is an obvious need to develop new approaches to treating patients with cancer of the oral mucosa. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has similar properties. With the development of endoscopic and fiber-optic equipment, the fields of PDT application have significantly expanded. Foci in the oral cavity and oropharynx became available for PDT. The early stages of oral mucosal cancer are optimal for PDT because large surface defects can be treated with minimal complications. Preservation of subepithelial and collagen structures, which is typical for PDT, promotes healing without the formation of scar processes, thereby achieving an ideal cosmetic and functional effect. The use of PDT in the treatment of oral cavity cancer is not limited only to the initial stages in an independent version. It is possible to use PDT in combination with surgical and radiation treatment. In case of massive tumor processes, PDT is used for palliative purposes. The influence of the adaptive immune response under the influence of PDT is being studied.
Radiotherapy is used to treat approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the head and neck. Despite enormous advances in radiotherapy planning and delivery, a significant number of pa-tients will experience radiation-associated toxicities. Many effective management options are available for acute radiotherapy-associated toxicities, but treatment options are much more lim-ited and of variable benefit among patients who develop late sequelae after radiotherapy. The present work is based on observations of 586 patients with oral and oropharynx cancer, for which interstitial neutron therapy was carried out in an independent version or in combination with re-mote radiation therapy. Radiation injuries occurred in 130 (22.2%) patients, in 92 (15.7%) they appeared in the form of radiation ulcers and in 38 (6.4%) – osteoradionecrosis of the lower jaw. The clinical picture and the course of radiation injuries after interstitial neutron therapy with sources of 252Cf did not differ significantly from radiation complications after photon irradiation.
Thyroid carcinoma with thymus-like differentiation (Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation, CASTLE) is an extremely rare disease. It arises from the thymus tissue ectopic into the tissue of the thyroid gland, usually in patients 40–50 years old. In this work, we present an observation of the development of CASTLE in a patient at a young age. A 21-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with a volumetric education in the projection of the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Ultrasound revealed a 5-centimeter thyroid tumor. Surgery was performed in the scope of thyroidectomy, selective cervical dissection (level VI). Morphological and immunohistochemical studies showed that cancer has a thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE). After 32 months, she recurred to the lymph nodes of the neck (level IV on the left). She underwent repeated surgery, after which she was observed without signs of relapse for 120 months. The rarity of the pathology leads to difficulties in establishing a diagnosis at the preoperative stage and in choosing the optimal treatment tactics during treatment and further follow-up.
Dermal toxicity of anti-cancer drugs apparent in patients with thyroid cancer. This side effect appears, in particular, in relation to increased administration of targeted anti-cancer treatment, especially tyrosinkinase inhibitors, towards various receptors of growth factors which are applied in the ethiopathogenesis of a tumor cell. Our article focuses on the dermatotoxity, designated also as skin reaction, which most frequently occurs in patients treated by tyrosinkinase inhibitors – sorafenib, vandetonib, cabozantinib and lenvantinib. High prevalence of dermatotoxity, reported by patients, treated with these drugs underscores the need for greater understanding of the pathogenesis and management of this syndrome.
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