Abstract. The paper discusses a conceptual basis of a new course of development of the Chinese society that is aimed at sustainable development, solving the environmental pollution issues, achieving harmony in the society. The Chinese authorities proposed a new course of 'ecological civilization' development. The authors analyze the issues that arise from the development of ecological civilization in China from the perspective of definition of the term 'ecological civilization' in the context of traditional Chinese culture, its relationship with traditional and modern understanding of the harmony and harmonious society, and development of legal regulations in the sphere of environmental protection. We provide the analysis of philosophical aspects of the emergence of ecological society, such as expansion of the Western anthropocentrism in the modern Chinese society, possibility of revival of ecological consciousness that is based on traditional Chinese culture, etc. The paper demonstrates the approach that was developed in the works of Chinese scholars regarding understanding of ecological civilization as a new stage of human society's development that comes after industrial society. In conclusion, the authors propose to consider that approach as a necessary civilizational choice that is to be taken by the Chinese society.
The article examines the peculiarities of the formation in China the «supremance of law» as the management of society through strict observance of laws, which does not imply the subjective discretion of law enforcement officials. The development of Chinese legislation based on the legal theory of management methods, including in law enforcement, under the influence of moral rules adopted in society, which implies understanding and approval of the population when applying them, is studied separately. Currently, in China, there is a kind of harmonious combination of law and morality («rule of law» and «governance on the basis of morality»), and the legislation itself absorbs the moral rules adopted in society and develops under their influence. The approach that took place in the USSR, based on the wide involvement of the public in governing the state, administering justice, ensuring law and order, the execution of criminal penalties and other measures of influence against offenders, as a whole justified itself, including through the use of measures of social influence based on the rules morality. The Chinese experience testifies to the possibility in Russia comprehensively achieving the goals of applying criminal penalties in the form of restoring social justice, correcting convicts and preventing the commission of new crimes provided for in Art. 43 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Technicization of human and society, active development of technogenic civilization leads to gradual separation from moral values and principles. These values include ideas of unity and harmony of human with nature, with the surrounding environment, and reasonable, moderate attitude towards natural resources. We believe that humanity should move from the industrial to ecological civilization. The foundations of a new ecophilosophy should become holistic principles, representations of philosophy in general and Buddhism in particular. We outlined basic principles and methods for improving personality of altruistic ethics of Mahayana Buddhism that contribute to human understanding of inseparability, interconnection with the world. We focus on the central Buddhist concept – the absence of an individual ‘I’ that is understood as necessity of recognizing oneself as a separate empirical individual. That is confirmed by a translation of the text PrajnaParamitaHridaya Sutra from Tibetan language. The paper analyzes three types of spiritual personality that correspond to three stages of the Path to awakening. Each stage is a step towards the formation of subjectless consciousness, that is, awareness of universal dependence and responsibility for their actions. The paper argues that for ecological consciousness it is important to form an understanding that the main reason for human existence in not the technosphere, not the economy, but the living nature.
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