The research analyzes a topical issue of gender balance in media in its historical cutoff. The authors consider imbalance regarding the gender of the key figures in publications as one of indicators of latent discrimination. The subject of the content-analysis is Globus, an illustrated magazine published in Kyiv in 1923-1935. This progressive periodical paid significant attention to the issue of female emancipation; that is why its research is also demonstrative for studying the diachrony of a gender stereotypization phenomenon. The purpose of the content analysis was to determine the qualitative indicators with respect to distribution between verbal and visual women’s and men’s images in this magazine as a material indicator of worldview stereotypization. As the research results show, Globus had extremely low rate concerning the women’s representation in text materials (15%) and illustrations (18%). Correspondingly, the ratio of women’s and men’s images in total amounts to 1:5. Moreover, a tendency to gender asymmetry in 1930’s only increased, since the quantity of men’s representations in the magazine of 1932 reached almost 90% and women’s ones decreased respectively. Thus, the comparison of women’s and men’s images already amounted to 1:7, i.d. gender disproportion grew up. The data received have been compared with the monitoring results of current media content related to the compliance with gender balance; that allowed specification and analysis of main tendencies in representation of women and men in the media discourse in the beginning of XX and XXI centuries.
This scientific research deals with the actual problem, that is the study of the language of criminal chronicles in the Western Ukrainian media discourse in the 1920-1930s. Object of analysis is news reports on gender violence in popular Western Ukrainian newspapers of the interwar twenty years. The chosen methodology is feminist discourse-analysis which allows us to identify the media representations of gender identity and to find out what ideological discourse has had symbolic hegemony, which gender regime was supported by language. It turns out that the language of criminal news fixes symbolic mechanisms for establishing power regimes. The texts of criminal news show gender stereotypes and prejudices against women, which traditionally functioned and articulated in public discourse. Gender violence was explained (and justified) by personal, religious and social reasons. The problem of domestic violence attracted journalists from the 1920s and 1930s. Victim women who dared to challenge patriarchal customs were appraised extremely subjectively, biasedly, often – in a negative way. Publications about sexual crimes (rape, sexual harassment) were rare, since this topic was banned in the Western Ukrainian public discourse of the 1920s-1930s. In Western Ukrainian popular magazines, the language of criminal news construed a gendered society, deleting power for men and exposing a woman to objectification. Journalists used certain linguistic strategies to support the dominant gender regime: author's intentionality, peculiar journalistic formulation and focus of information, the specifics of structuring material and hidden meanings of the text.
The aim of the article is to determine the effectiveness of various international tools designed to develop students’ English-language communicative competencies. Several scientific methods were used: observation, testing, experimental training etc. Statistical processing of the data obtained during pedagogical experiment was carried out, visualization with the use of graphic method is applied. The description and verbal recording of the results of the study confirm its effectiveness. During the research, experimental training was carried out with the use of social media applications for the development of foreign language communicative competence in second-year students of groups G1, G2. Observations and testing of students while developing foreign language communicative competence were carried out while writing e-mails and creating videos for TikTok in English. The educational platforms, programmes, Internet resources were also used in accordance with the goals and topics of training sessions. The practical results prove the advantages of certain social media applications in the acquisition of English-language components of communicative competences (CCC). G1 students demonstrated a standard procedure for acquiring a linguistic, socio-cultural CCC with a “lag” of the regional geography component. In G2 group, the higher levels of CCC were observed in most cases. Mostly positive markers of Communicative Competences were demonstrated at the medium (344.1 points, 69.8% of G1 respondents) and a sufficient level (371.0 points, 75.8% of G2 respondents). Promising “growth points” were identified. The directions concerning further developments of progressive methods are highlighted.