The purpose of the article is an implementation of the comparative analyses of development of regional markets of cultural and cognitive tourism in Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological basis of research is the ideas of the theoryof tourism, theory of management, works of the leading native and foreign scholars regarding the development of the touristic services market. To achieve the desired goal, the following research methods were used: the system and complex analyses (for determination of the development tendencies of the regional markets of the cultural and cognitive tourism in Ukraine); calculation-analytical and comparative methods (for determination of the centers of the regional markets of the cultural and cognitivetourism in Ukraine); cartographical method (for visual demonstration of the emphasized touristic regions of the cultural and cognitive tourism in Ukraine). The regionalized territory of Ukraine according to the development of the cultural and cognitivetourism, which is based on the calculation of average data of the quantity of themuseums according to the regions, analysis of their visitations and of the volume of the tourist flows permitted to emphasize four formed regions of the cultural and cognitive tourism: Western, including Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Chernivtsi, Zakarpattia, Volyn, Rivne and Khmelnytsk regions; Northern – city of Kyiv and Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad regions; Eastern – Kharkiv, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk regions; Southern - Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa regions. The conducted analyses of the emphasized regions permitted emphasize the modern tendencies of development of the cultural and cognitive tourism market in Ukraine, namely: the availability of substantial disparity of its development according to the regions of Ukraine; refocusing of the touristic flows from the South-Eastern regions to the North-Western as a result of annexation of Crimea and military conflict in the east of Ukraine; the sustained development of the cultural and cognitive tourism of the North region at the expense of the extensivediversification of the available offer and possibility to meet the requirements of all groups of tourists; the highest rates of development of the cultural and cognitive tourism in the West region caused by the attraction of the tourists from the other regions of Ukraine with activation of the natural and historical advantages use.
national university of economics and trade named after Mykhailo Tugan Baranovsky DYNAMICS OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE ON THE EXAMPLE OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT INDUSTRY У статті розглянуто питання розвитку індустрії гостинності в Україні на прикладі готельно ресторан ної галузі. Проаналізовано статистичні дані щодо динаміки розвитку підприємств готельно ресторанно го комплексу. Констатовано динамічне зростання роботи галузі, випереджаючі темпи розвитку підприємств ресторанного господарства над готелями. Виокремлено залежність темпів розвитку від ста більності політичної системи, що слугує індикатором надійності інвестицій в галузь. Звернено увагу на роль фізичних та юридичних осіб підприємців та доведено, що активність перших у розбудові готельно ресторанного комплексу, була значно вищою. Аналіз динаміки розвитку засвідчив поступове зростання частки фізичних осіб підприємців в індустрії гостинності, особливо в сфері ресторанного господарства. Фізичні особи підприємці були більш динамічними у своїй роботі та швидко реагували на вимоги ринку. Торкаючись питання впливу великих міжнародних подій на особливості динаміки становлення, з'ясова но, що під час проведення Євро 2012 та Євробачення 2017 частка юридичних осіб підприємців зростала, особливо в готельній сфері. Найбільші показники ефективності роботи підприємств фіксувалися не в рік проведення заходу, а наступного року. Звертаючи увагу на регіональні особливості розвитку готельної справи, виокремлено найбільш динамічні регіони. Зазначено, що анексія Кримського півострову та роз гортання військового конфлікту на Сході України багато в чому змінили рейтинг лідерів, висунувши на
Objective. The objective of the present article is to study the trends in the development of the market of hotel services in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, to determine their common and distinctive features. Methods. A complex of general scientific methods is used: analogy, analysis, synthesis, logical generalization; statistical, comparative methods; multidimensional factor analysis. The initial fact of the study is the determination of the dependence of the development trends of the hotel market of Ukraine on the trends of the development of the European hotel market due to the geographical, economic and cultural-historical proximity of the regions. Based on the concept of concentric circles and the leading position of the European hotel market in the world, the hotel market of Ukraine developed to a greater extent under the weakened influence of the European, which is evidenced by both the geographical location of hotels and similar means of accommodation in Ukraine and service and technological innovations. Results. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the development of hotels and similar means of accommodation in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union was carried out according to the following indicators: the total number of hotels and similar means of accommodation; the ratio of the number of hotels and similar means of accommodation in the city and the countryside, on the coast and on the mainland; the number of beds in them; the number of overnight stays in hotels and similar places of accommodation; occupancy of beds; average length of stay in hotels and similar means of accommodation; dynamics of inbound and outbound tourism. It was established that tourism acted as a catalyst for the development of the hotel market, both in Europe and in Ukraine. The level of development of the hotel industry was higher in those countries where there was a larger number of tourists. At the same time, if inbound tourism dominated in Europe, then in Ukraine, on the contrary, outbound tourism prevailed. The accommodation services market, during the studied period, developed dynamically and had the same growth rates. Hotels developed most actively in large cities, which became centers of the hotel business and pioneers of development. At the same time, there was a tendency to move hotels to the coast. During 2015-2019, a significant number of accommodation facilities were built there. These innovations were also typical for Ukraine. The loss of control over the Crimean peninsula intensified the interest of investors and vacationers in Odesa. This contributed to its rise to the first places in the state in terms of the rate of development of the hotel business. The indicators of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union were radically different in the ratio of the number of institutions and beds between the city and the village. Surprisingly, the majority of bed places in the countries of the European Union were located in rural areas. This explains well the reasons for the dominance of small-capacity hotels in the countries of the European Union and, as a result, higher bed occupancy rates in the EU countries - 45%, against 35% - Ukraine. It is proven that under these conditions, the hotel market of Ukraine tried to adapt and integrate into the European one. According to quantitative indicators, Ukraine and the countries of the European Union were almost at the same level, with the exception of: Germany; France; Spain; of Italy They had higher development indicators and formed the axis of influence: Madrid-Paris-Berlin. The distance from this axis, according to the theory of concentric circles, determined the activity of the Ukrainian hotel market and the peculiarities of the internal location of accommodation establishments and their functioning.
Слащева А.В. кандидат технічних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри економіки та бізнесу Донецького національного університету економіки і торгівлі імені Михайла Туган-Барановського Попова С.Ю. кандидат технічних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри технологій в ресторанному господарстві, готельно-ресторанної справи та підприємництва Донецького національного університету економіки і торгівлі імені Михайла Туган-Барановського Романуха О.М. кандидат історичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри економіки та бізнесу Донецького національного університету економіки і торгівлі імені Михайла Туган-Барановського