The results of the analysis of available variety assortment and grain yields of different varieties of oats in the environmental crop variety testing, depending on the changing hydrothermal conditions are presented. Marked the varieties, which characterized by stable realization of genetic potential of grain yield in a wide range of variation the average air temperatures and conditions of water provision.Weather conditions during the investigation were different, which made it possible to fully assess its impact on grain productivity potential of spring small cereals. The productivity of oats was determined by the peculiarities of the variety, as well as the effectiveness of the complex action of air temperatures and humidity conditions. In Ukraine there is observing an annual steady increase in the number of registered varieties of oats for 12,9 %. In general, over the past 15 years, the number of oat varieties in Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine has more than doubled. Among the studied varieties of oats, the optimum growth, development and combination of elements of the crop yield structure, which ensure the formation of the highest level of grain productivity (3,10-3,27 t/ha), were noted in the varieties of chaffy forms: Busol, Iren, Spurt and Sterno, as well as hull-less: Skarb Ukrainy (2,74 t/ha) and Samuel' (2,53 t/ha).
Дослідження були спрямовані на вивчення впливу технологічних заходів при вирощуванні пшениці озимої на ураженість посівів хворобами. Дослідження проводилися на Донецькій державній сільськогосподарській станції НААН у 2021–2022 рр. На контрольному варіанті застосовувався тільки протруювач насіння Фунабен (2,5 л/т). Застосування схем захисту пшениці озимої з використанням агротехнологічних заходів, що досліджувались, забезпечило підвищення врожайності зерна та зменшення відсотку розвитку хвороб. Найбільш ефективним виявився варіант – протруювач Фунабен (2,5 л/т) + біостимулятор Амалгерол (1,5 л/т) + фунгіцид Ямато (100 мл/т) + прилипач Скаба (30 мл/т). Одержано врожайність 8,1 т/га (+1,6 т/га до контролю) та найменший розвиток хвороб.
Topicality. Thanks to analysis and systematization of wheat collection, we will be able to obtain new sources of tolerance and create a trait collection for the developing tolerant varieties suitable for cultivation in different ecozones of Ukraine. Yield losses from pathogens can be reduced by introducing new varieties with a wide genetic base of group tolerance. Purpose. To characterize the soft winter wheat collection in terms of tolerance to powdery mildew in the conditions of the Southern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. During 2011–2019, the research was conducted at the Ustymivka Research Station of Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS of Ukraine. We studied 1406 samples of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 33 countries, including 53.1 % – Ukrainian origin, 10.1 % – from Turkey, 8.6 % – from the United States, 6.9 % – from Russia, 17.0 % – from Europe. Research methods: field, dialectical, hypothesis, synthesis, induction, statistical, observation. Results. The manifestation of the main foliar diseases on collection samples of soft winter wheat was observed to determine field tolerance to diseases in the following organogenesis stages: autumn tillering, spring budding, stem elongation, beginning of heading, milk-dough maturity. In the early growth and development stages of wheat plants (seedlings – heading), plants were insignificantly damaged by powdery mildew. In the autumn tillering stage, 5 samples out of 234 were not affected by powdery mildew: 831/10, 853/10 (UKR), Pesma (YUG), Gruia, Gloria (ROU). During the period of stem elongation, there are 12 samples of soft winter wheat susceptible to this disease in this stage of organogenesis. Arid conditions in 2012 and 2013 were more favorable for distribution of the wheat collection for disease tolerance at the heading stage, in which the susceptible and weakly susceptible samples under study accounted for approximately 14 %. The maximum damage by this pathogen occurs in milky-wax ripeness of wheat. Distribution by the level of tolerance significantly depends on the conditions of a particular year. Thus, in 2011 (excessively humid conditions), the percentage of susceptible samples of wheat to the pathogen was 57.5 %; in 2012 and 2013, a larger group of samples was noted as weakly susceptible. The significant influence of the amount of precipitation and the level of hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) on the number of susceptible wheat samples to powdery mildew during heading (r = 0,83 and r = 0,91, respectively) was established. The average level of correlation between the indicators of the number of highly susceptible wheat samples to this disease and the level of HTC (r = 0,33) was noted. The method of distant hybridization using foreign genes helps to obtain lines more resistant to specific pathogens of soft winter wheat. Conclusions. Distribution of winter wheat samples by the level of tolerance to powdery mildew depended significantly on the conditions of a particular year. The special collection of samples resistant to the most common diseases of soft winter wheat allows you to systematize the selection of parental lines on specific traits, which will create more resistant lines. Key words: soft winter wheat, tolerance, powdery mildew, stage of organogenesis, hydrothermal coefficient, distant hybridization method