Climate is a main component of nature that, in addition to being a valuable resource, determines the possibility of development of tourism. Apparently, climate and its characteristics determine touristic demand. Choosing a place for vacation or recreation, tourists primarily prefer an optimal climate and weather conditions. Human‐biometeorological resources characterize the connection of climate with a thermal state and health of humans, peculiarities of recreation and health evaluation of the environment. In order to distinguish thermal bioclimate, the physiologically equivalent temperature is used, based on the various meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and radiation) that reflect the human conditions and the thermal comfort perception. In addition for the analysis of the climatic tourism potential, the Climate‐Transfer/Tourism‐Information Scheme was applied. The results can be useful for tourists in order to determine the best time to take a vacation based on their recreational activity such as sports, medical, health (thalassotherapy, heliotherapy, balneology etc.) according to bioclimatic conditions and their own preferences.
The article is devoted to the coverage of peculiarities of innovative technologies and methods of ICT competence formation of scientific and pedagogical staff under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. To implement this goal, the article presents the rationale, development, and experimental testing of various innovative methods of training using ICT. To assess the effectiveness of innovative methods and information and communication technologies in the formation of ICT competence of scientific and pedagogical workers in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the article applies theoretical and empirical methods which consist in processing professional literature and in surveying scientific and pedagogical workers of COVID-19 pandemic increase their ICT competence The following results were achieved: the confirmation that in the process of ICT competence formation a reliable result can be reached was obtained These methods represent a set of traditional educational and the latest information and communication tools and technologies, the use of which in the educational process occurs to intensify research and learning activities. The scientific novelty of the study is to demonstrate that the attitude of scientific and pedagogical staff to the use of ICT for professional development depends on access to the Internet, their competence, and motivation.
Formulation of the problem. One of the main manifestations of regional climate changes in Ukraine on the background of global warming is substantial rise of air temperature and increasing of extreme weather conditions. Therefore heat waves became a concern. Detection of heat waves and their physical and statistical characteristics on the territory of Ukraine was done by many researchers only during warm period of the year and on the basis of fact data. But it's interesting to find out what happens in this context during cold period as well because heat waves affect not only human health but also agriculture, transportation etc throughout the year. Besides in order to overcome negative consequences and for adaptation of people for climate changes prognostic values of meteorological indices, in particular air temperature according to modern climate change scenarios. Review of previous publications. Consequences of thermal waves impact on population health is being studied in different countries of the world and in the main medical data base PubMed there are more than 1000 publications in this branch of research. But still there is no universal definition of heat waves which could be used as criteria for detecting this anomaly in all the researches. This can be explained that depending on challenges of scientific research or practical service of household activity waves of certain intensity or duration can be the most interesting. Purpose. The aim of this work is detection of heat waves on the basis of actual and scenario data and analysis of their physical and statistical characteristics and dynamics until 2050. Methods. Heat waves were detected on the base of actual data and model ranges by low (RCP 2.6), medium (RCP 4.5), high (RCP 8.5) levels of greenhouse gases emissions and also there were analyzed their physical and statistical characteristics and dynamics until 2050 in different regions of Ukraine. Results. The smallest annual number of heat waves is recorded in the south of Ukraine and the maximum heat wave duration is approximately the same at all the research stations (Uzhgorod, Kharkiv, Odessa). According to all climate change trends that were used, the greatest number of heat waves in the next thirty years is expected in the south of Ukraine, with a maximum in the cold season (October-April). The intensity of heat waves, expressed by the cumulative temperature, during the cold period slightly exceeds this index during the warm period in the west and north-east and substantially exceeds it in the south, and heat waves of the same duration can have quite different intensities. Conclusions. In the west of Ukraine, there is a trend of increasing the number of heat waves and their duration over the studied period by decades, in the northeast and south - these indicators have fluctuated. It was discovered that in all regions, according to actual data, heat waves of 6-9 days have the highest recurrence (82% of total amount of heat waves per year); according to the RCP2.6 scenario, their recurrence will be minimized (up to 52%) in the south of the country. According to all used climate change trends by 2050, the highest number of heat waves is expected in southern Ukraine, with a maximum during the cold season (October-April). The intensity of heat waves of the cold period is higher than during the warm period in all regions of Ukraine, especially the south.
Purpose. Assessment of bioclimatic conditions of cold season on the basis of weather severeness indices and analysis of their dynamics on the territory of Ukraine. Methods. Estimation of possible values of some cold stress indices and their changes in different regions of the country is based on two scenarios А1В and А2. Results. Possible consequences of climate change on human health in Ukraine are considered. On the base of Bodman index and wind chill factor of Siple-Passel, there are given forecast parameters of uncomfortable climate within three periods: 1986-2005, 2011-2030 and 2031-2050 years. According to both scenarios, mean values of Bodman index during the given periods on the major part of Ukraine reach to 2-3 points and this means that during certain winter months and whole winter moderate severe conditions will prevail, though in western and southern areas will dominate slightly severe ones. According to both scenarios, during December-January within first and second periods in some areas of the country even high risk of hypothermia is possible, as well as frostbite of open parts of the skin in 5-10 minutes can occur. The most severe conditions are expected in January-February in Sumy (A1B) and Lugansk (A2), the least severe – in Kropyvnytsky (A1B) and Ternopil (A2). The trend of hypothermia and frostbite conditions change during the winter season in different regions of the country has been analyzed. Conclusions. The trend of decrease of Bodman index prevails on the whole territory of the country during all winter months. Weather conditions in February are the harshest in first and third periods and weather conditions in January-February are the most severe in the second period (А1В), according to another scenario for the whole researched time the harshest conditions are observed in January. In all analyzed time periods, in December winter weather conditions were the most comfortable according to both scenarios. But mostly repeatability of wind chill factor of Siple-Passel prevailed in the interval of 0 ÷ -9 ºC, thus a slight risk of frostbite, some discomfort will be observed. So, in winter expected compounds of low air temperature and wind in certain days in future might cause frostbite of different levels, they will influence on spreading of infections epidemics and «cold» diseases.
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