The aim of the paper was to describe the biochemical effects of Paclitaxel (Ptx), γ-irradiation (Ir)

Aim. To study the significance of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in paclitaxel-dependent apoptosis in colon and undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (KTC-2) and colon carcinoma (ARO) cell lines. Cells were treated with paclitaxel (Ptx) and inhibitor of Cdk, roscovitine. Cell survival test and Western blotting were used for characterization of the effects of paclitaxel and roscovitine on cancer cells. Results. It was shown that not c-Jun N-terminal kinase, but cyclin-dependent kinases are responsible for antiapoptotic Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Cdk inhibition enhanced the cytotoxic effects of Ptx at low drug concentrations. There was antagonism between Ptx and roscovitine at higher (25 nM) paclitaxel concentrations. Conclusion. Using of paclitaxel at low (2.5 to 5 nM) concentrations and roscovitine is a promising combination for further preclinical trials for the development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of colon and anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Vitamin due to the presence of the receptor (VDR), which is found in almost all nuclear cells is an important regulator in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The question of the causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and Graves 'disease and the importance of this vitamin for thyroid function in the treatment of Graves' disease deserves special attention. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of 25-(OH) D in the body in Graves' disease and its relationship with thyroid function. We examined 143 patients who were first diagnosed with moderate Graves' disease (GD). All patients studied by us, residents of Ukraine, 67% of them live in Kyiv, 19% in Kyiv region, 14% in other regions of Ukraine. The average age of the subjects was 43.8 ± 0.95, among whom were men 22.4%, women -77.6%. The analysis of immune parameters and thyroid function depending on the age of patients, the content of vitamin D in the serum, and its quartile distribution before treatment. Subsequently, all patients were divided into two groups depending on the therapy. The first group included 73 subjects, whose average age was 44.69 ± 1.39, patients in this group received tyrosol at a dose of 5 -10 mg per day. The second group consisted of 70 patients. whose average age was 42.93 ± 1.29, they took tyrosol at a dose of 5-10 mg per day and vitamin D preparations -2000 MO/day. In patients with Graves' disease. the highest content of 25-(OH) D in serum was observed in the age group of 19-30 years -59.1 nmol/l and a low level of antibodies to the TSH receptor -9.0 mUi/l. A significant decrease in the immune index was observed only in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles, when the content of 25-(OH) D in the serum reached 47.5 nmol/l and above, i.e. approached a moderate deficit. At a slight increase to 34 nmol/l, such changes were insignificant. After 3 months of treatment, the level of AbrTSH in the serum during treatment with vitamin D was twice lower than when treated with tyrosol alone. After 6 months, compared with the treatment with tyrosol, the effect of treatment was 2 times better. In contrast to TPOAbs in Graves' disease without treatment with vitamin D, where it did not differ depending on the level of 25 (OH) D, in the second group after 6 months of treatment there was a significant decrease in this indicator (p = 0.009). Compared to tyrosol treatment alone, there was a significant increase in TSH levels and a decrease in thyroid volume after 6 months. Data on the dependence of thyroid function on the level of 25 (OH) D were indicative. In each of the quartiles, the level of TSH after treatment with vitamin D was 4-5 times higher than in the group of patients treated only with tyrosol. Convincing data on the positive effect of vitamin D on autoimmune parameters, thyroid function and the need for its inclusion in the treatment of Graves' disease.

The COVID-19 infection is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to determine the content of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the plasma of patients ( n = 81) with COVID-19, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Elabscience, United States). The measurements were performed at an optical wavelength of 450 nm. It was shown that the level of ApoA1 in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes and especially with COVID-19 was significantly lower than in the blood of healthy people. Blood ApoA1 levels did not show a further decrease in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without concomitant diseases. It was found that the level of ApoB in the blood of patients with diabetes and, especially, with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in the blood of healthy people. Blood levels of ApoB and oxLDL are higher in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without comorbidities. Thus, levels of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL may be promising markers of COVID-19.